What happened
On May 18, 2018, a Piper PA-28RT, registration D-ELAM, was performing a recreational flight from Pula, Croatia, to Venice Lido Airport. During the approach to runway 23, the pilot became preoccupied with monitoring departing traffic, specifically a helicopter taking off toward the sea.
As the aircraft approached the runway, the pilot failed to complete the standard downwind checklist and did not wait for the three green lights indicating the landing gear was locked. The pilot only realized the nose gear was not fully extended during the flare. Due to the imminent touchdown and the need to clear trees at the runway threshold, the pilot proceeded with the landing. Consequently, the nose gear remained partially extended and locked, causing the aircraft to nose over upon contact with the ground. The propeller struck the runway, resulting in damage to the propeller, engine, and nose gear components. The two occupants were uninjured.
The investigation
ANSV investigators examined the aircraft's landing gear system and found it to be substantially efficient. Technical checks revealed no hydraulic leaks, no issues with the pump or reservoir, and no damaged wiring or faulty switches. Testing confirmed that the gear extension and retraction times were within the limits specified in the Pilot Operating Handbook.
Investigators also identified a break in one of the nose gear extension spring seats. While the break was consistent with the impact forces of the accident, the investigation focused on why the gear failed to lock. The investigation confirmed that the 'squat switch' on the left gear leg functioned correctly, meaning that once the gear leg compressed upon ground contact, the switch prevented further extension, which contributed to the instability of the unlatched gear.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the delayed extension of the landing gear by the pilot, which occurred too close to the runway.
- The pilot's attention was diverted by monitoring departing traffic, which led to the omission of critical landing checklists.
- The compression of the landing gear leg upon touchdown activated the safety switch while the gear was still not fully locked, preventing the gear from providing necessary support.