What happened
On April 6, 2009, a SOCATA TB 200, registration CS-DEM, operated by the Academia Aeronáutica de Évora (AAE), departed Évora for a VFR navigation training flight. The flight plan, designated EVR 96, intended to fly via the "Echo" standard departure toward Reguengos de Monsaraz at a cruise altitude of 4,500 feet.
During the climb, the aircraft transitioned through 4,000 feet and established contact with Flight Information Service (FIS) on frequency 123.75 MHz. The FIS subsequently transferred the aircraft to Beja Approach (130.10 MHz). At 10:10 UTC, while stabilized at 4,500 feet, the pilot contacted Beja Approach. The military controller immediately notified the pilot that the aircraft had entered Working Area 03 without authorization. This specific area was being utilized by a military aircraft operating between FL060 and FL070. The controller instructed the pilot to descend to 2,000 feet and contact FIS. The pilot complied with the instructions, and the flight continued without further incident.
The investigation
The GPIAAF investigation focused on why the aircraft entered Class D controlled airspace without the necessary clearance. The investigation established that the aircraft entered a sector defined by radials R040-055, 20 DME, from the Beja VORTAC. The investigation examined the pilot's actions and the communication timeline between the aircraft and the FIS/Approach controllers.
Findings
- The pilot failed to recognize the requirement to contact Beja Approach prior to entering the controlled airspace.
- The student pilot lacked sufficient knowledge regarding the specific procedures required for operating within Class D airspace.
- There was a delay in establishing communications between the aircraft and the FIS, which prevented the FIS controller from providing a timely warning to the pilot before the airspace violation occurred.
- The primary cause was the pilot's failure to identify the need for authorization to enter controlled airspace.
- There was no risk of mid-air collision during the event.