What happened
On October 9, 2022, a Learjet 75, registration PP-MIX, was performing a private flight from Foz do Iguaçu to Congonhas Airport (SBSP) in São Paulo. During the landing on runway 35L, the aircraft experienced an unstabilized approach characterized by excessive speed. Upon touchdown, the aircraft's speed was approximately 26% above the recommended VREF. Due to this high velocity, the engine reversers, spoilers, and the normal braking system failed to activate.
In an attempt to decelerate, the crew applied the emergency brakes. Because the emergency braking system lacks an anti-skid feature, the application at approximately 120 knots caused the main landing gear tires to lock and burst. This loss of control resulted in the aircraft veering off the left side of the runway, eventually coming to a stop near the edge of taxiway M. The aircraft sustained light damage to the left wingtip and the landing gear wheels, but all five occupants—two crew members and three passengers—were uninjured.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation focused on the sequence of events leading to the loss of directional control. Investigators examined flight data, including cockpit alerts such as "Caution Windshear," "Too Low – Terrain," and "Overspeed." The investigation analyzed the crew's decision-making process, specifically regarding the decision to continue the landing despite windshear warnings and the lack of a stabilized approach. The investigation also reviewed the mechanical performance of the braking systems and the impact of the high-speed touchdown on the aircraft's deceleration capabilities.