What happened
On 6 September 2006, a Lockheed T-33 Silver Star Mk 3, registration G-TBRD, was performing a stream takeoff from Runway 24 at Duxford Aerodrome. The aircraft was leading a pair of ex-military jets, with an F86 Sabre following closely behind.
During the takeoff roll, the pilot rotated the aircraft into an excessive nose-up attitude. This high pitch angle prevented the aircraft from accelerating sufficiently, causing the tailpipe to scrape the runway surface. Although the aircraft briefly became airborne as the ground dropped away beyond the paved surface, it could not maintain altitude. The aircraft entered a stall, causing the left wing to drop and strike the ground. The impact caused the airframe to break into three sections, leading to a post-crash fire. The pilot sustained minor injuries and concussion, while the passenger, an engineer, suffered serious injuries, including a broken rib.
The investigation
Investigators examined the wreckage, GPS track logs, and video recordings made by the passenger. Analysis of the engine speed via video spectral analysis confirmed that the engine was producing sufficient power at takeoff. The investigation also reviewed the aircraft's flight manuals, which warned that excessive pitch rotation is hazardous.
Evidence from the cockpit airspeed indicator showed a slight under-reading at lower speeds, but the primary issue was identified as the pilot's technique. The investigation also noted that the aircraft's center of gravity was toward the aft limit, which, combined with the high pitch attitude, contributed to the loss of airspeed.
Findings
- The pilot employed an excessive nose-up pitch attitude during rotation, which was more characteristic of a large airliner like a Boeing 747 than a jet trainer.
- This high pitch angle caused the aircraft to fail to accelerate properly, leading to a loss of airspeed and a subsequent stall.
- The aircraft's center of gravity was positioned toward the rear of the allowable range.
- The pilot was performing a solo practice display and was aware of the pressure of leading a formation takeoff.
Safety action
Following the accident, the operator implemented a stricter supervision regime for pilots who had been engaged in other flying duties prior to operating the F86. The operator also decided to restrict the operation of their remaining F86 Sabre to pilots with a military background.