What happened
On 4 July 2001, a Piper PA-1-150, registration G-ARAM, was performing a tailwheel conversion flight at Clacton airfield. While the pilot was on approach to Runway 36, which extends over the sea, the engine failed at an altitude of approximately 350 feet. Following the failure, the pilot performed emergency checks, including verifying the fuel state, mixture, magnetos, and carburettor heat.
The pilot managed to execute a forced landing on a nearby beach. However, during the conclusion of the ground roll, the aircraft entered shallow water. The impact with the water caused a sudden deceleration, which resulted in the aircraft nose-over and coming to rest in an inverted position. The two crew members on board sustained minor injuries but were able to exit the aircraft on their own.
The investigation
Investigators examined the aircraft after it had been recovered to an upright position by engineering personnel from Clacton airfield. During the inspection, eight gallons of fuel were drained from the tanks, and fuel was found to be present in both the fuel filter bowl and the carburettor. Evidence suggested that additional fuel had leaked from the aircraft while it was upside down.
Technical examinations of the Lycoming O-320-A2B engine found no obvious mechanical cause for the power loss. Meteorological data at the time of the accident showed a surface temperature of +24°C and a dew point of +14°C, with a light wind of 10 knots.
Findings
- The engine failure occurred during the approach phase of flight.
- The pilot had reselected the carburettor heat from 'HOT' to 'COLD' when descending below 500 feet.
- Carburettor icing was a likely factor, as the atmospheric conditions (temperature and dew point) created an environment where icing is probable during low power settings.
- The aircraft sustained substantial damage due to the impact and subsequent immersion in seawater.