What happened
On April 17, 1996, an Embraer EMB-820C, registration PP-EGS, operated by the Government of the State of Amazonas, was conducting an inspection flight along the BR-174 highway. While flying near the Abonari region, the crew decided to land at an unregistered support strip located at kilometer 202 of the highway.
The pilot attempted to land before an approaching rain cell reached the site. However, heavy rain coincided with the landing, drastically reducing visibility. Upon touchdown, both the pilot and co-pilot applied the brakes simultaneously, causing the wheels to lock. The aircraft began to slide on the asphalt, which was covered in a slippery film of water and soil debris left by highway traffic. The aircraft traveled 1,100 meters along the runway before the landing gear struck a concrete curb (sarjeta) at the end of the strip. The impact broke all three landing gear legs, causing the aircraft to veer and strike a roadside guardrail, resulting in severe damage to the engines, propellers, and left wing.
All six occupants survived the accident without injuries.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation focused on the operational conditions of the unregistered runway and the crew's decision-making. Investigators found that the runway, while physically large enough for the aircraft, was not officially registered or certified. The surface was particularly hazardous due to the accumulation of dirt and water. The investigation also examined the crew's actions, noting that the co-pilot had limited experience with this specific aircraft type and had never landed at this location before. Furthermore, the investigation highlighted that the commander did not execute a go-around due to the sudden loss of visibility and the presence of nearby hills.
Findings
- Adverse meteorological conditions: The crew failed to adequately account for the localized rain showers, which created a slippery surface.
- Deficient infrastructure: The lack of regular cleaning of the uncertified runway allowed soil to accumulate, creating a dangerous lubricant when mixed with rain.
- Improper braking technique: The simultaneous application of brakes by both crew members led to wheel lock-up and loss of directional control.
- Operational risks: The use of an unregistered, uncertified landing strip significantly increased the margin of risk.
- Inadequate planning: There was a lack of thorough preparation regarding the runway's surface condition and the weather forecast.