What happened
On September 19, 1994, an Embraer 810 C, registration PT-ENV, departed from Goiânia, Brazil, for a scheduled test flight following maintenance services. The flight was intended to be a brief 30-minute operation to verify the aircraft's performance. On board were the pilot and a company mechanic.
During the flight, the pilot diverted from the original mission to perform low-altitude passes over a friend's farm located approximately 16 nautical miles from the airfield. While performing a climbing turn at a low altitude, the pilot lost control of the aircraft. The plane struck the ground at a 60-degree nose-down angle, triggering an explosion and subsequent fire. Both occupants sustained fatal injuries and died at the scene. The aircraft was a total loss.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation focused on the pilot's actions and the operational environment. The investigation established that while the pilot was highly experienced in the aircraft type, he lacked the specific qualifications and experience required to perform precision maneuvers or low-altitude aerobatics.
Investigators noted that prior to takeoff, the pilot had expressed intentions to perform "pranks" or recreational maneuvers over the farm, indicating a high level of motivation that likely compromised his risk perception. The investigation also examined the aircraft's maintenance history, finding that all inspections and documentation were up to date, and no mechanical failures contributed to the accident. The engine was found to be operating at low power at impact, suggesting the pilot may have reduced power in a final, unsuccessful attempt to avoid the terrain.
Findings
- Improper Maneuvering: The pilot attempted maneuvers that exceeded his technical capability and the aircraft's operational limits.
- Poor Flight Planning: The flight mission was altered without prior planning to include unauthorized low-altitude passes.
- Psychological Factors: The pilot exhibited excessive motivation and exhibitionism, which influenced his decision-making.
- Operational Indiscipline: The execution of low-altitude maneuvers over populated areas and residences increased the operational risk.
- Improper Command Application: The loss of control was preceded by erroneous use of the aircraft's flight control surfaces.