What happened
On November 15, 2000, an Embraer E-810 D (registration PT-VQP) departed from Chapecó, Brazil, for a short 15-minute sightseeing flight over the Ita dam. The aircraft was carrying the pilot and four passengers. During the flight, the pilot noticed a significant imbalance in fuel levels between the wing tanks, with the left tank showing approximately 10 US gallons and the right tank showing 22 US gallons.
As the flight progressed, the pilot observed the left fuel gauge dropping rapidly. In an attempt to correct the imbalance using the crossfeed system, the pilot repeatedly changed the fuel selector positions. This sequence of actions ultimately directed the remaining fuel from the nearly empty left tank to both engines, leading to a total loss of power. Approximately 12 minutes into the flight, both engines failed, forcing the pilot to perform an emergency landing in a pasture near Sítio, 5 km from Chapecó. During the landing roll, the aircraft struck rural electrification wires and collided with a tree stump. The impact and subsequent ground maneuvering caused the left main landing gear to collapse, resulting in the separation of the left wing tip and severe damage to the propeller and left engine. All 5 occupants survived the accident uninjured.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation focused on the fuel system operations and the pilot's decision-making process. Investigators examined the fuel system and found it was functioning correctly, but noted that a previous maintenance task to seal the center tank had caused a fuel imbalance between the wings. Analysis of the remaining fuel in the right tank confirmed it was suitable for use. The investigation also reviewed the pilot's technical knowledge, noting that while the pilot was experienced in the aircraft type, there was evidence of insufficient ground school instruction regarding the specific technical systems of the E-810 D.
Findings
- The pilot's incorrect manipulation of the fuel selectors caused both engines to be fed from the nearly empty left tank, leading to dual engine flameout.
- The pilot demonstrated significant indecision and a lack of technical knowledge regarding the aircraft's fuel distribution system.
- The pilot failed to properly evaluate the fuel imbalance before takeoff and chose not to refuel to avoid delaying the passengers.
- The pilot's decision-making was compromised by a lack of adequate technical instruction on the aircraft's specific fuel system operations.