What happened
On October 4, 2003, an M7-235 aircraft, registration PT-OTR, departed from Bacacheri (SBBI) bound for Navegantes (SBNF). The flight was planned as a visual flight rules (VFR) operation at flight level 075, carrying one pilot and three passengers. During the flight, the pilot requested a route change to fly via Paranaguá and the coastline at 2,000 feet.
While navigating the mountainous region, the aircraft experienced several deviations in heading, speed, and altitude. Radar contact was lost at 09:49 local time while the aircraft was descending at 5,100 feet on a magnetic heading of 040°. The aircraft subsequently struck trees and the terrain in a right-hand curve, resulting in the four fatalities on board and the complete destruction of the aircraft.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators examined the engine, airframe, and meteorological conditions. Analysis of the Lycoming IO-540-W1A5D engine revealed that it was fully operational and producing power at the moment of impact, evidenced by soil and vegetation found inside the cylinders and damage to the starter and alternator.
The investigation also noted that the aircraft's maximum takeoff weight had been exceeded by approximately 20 kg. While the pilot was qualified for IFR operations, he had very little experience with this specific aircraft model, having performed only a few flights in it prior to the accident. Meteorological data confirmed the presence of a cold front and low cloud ceilings (between 1,600 and 2,000 feet) in the area, which significantly hindered visual navigation.
Findings
- Adverse meteorological conditions created low ceilings that made VFR flight difficult.
- The pilot's inadequate judgment led him to attempt to maintain visual contact with the terrain at low altitudes instead of climbing to IFR levels or returning to the departure airport.
- The pilot's lack of experience with the M7-235 may have affected his decision-making and ability to manage the aircraft during instrument conditions.
- Flight discipline was compromised as the pilot deviated from the planned route and altitude without notifying air traffic control.
- The presence of the aircraft owner on board may have influenced the pilot's decision to proceed despite the weather.
- The aircraft was operating in an overweight condition.