What happened
On 13 January 2023, an Ayres S2R-T34, registration ZS-PNC, was performing agricultural spraying duties over a private farm in Jantjieshoek, Mpumalanga. While executing a right-hand turn at approximately 700 feet above ground level, the aircraft's engine suddenly lost power, accompanied by a drop in interstage turbine temperature and a noticeable change in engine acoustics.
In response to the power loss, the pilot leveled the aircraft and configured it for a forced landing, feathering the propeller to maximize gliding distance. Although the pilot managed to restart the engine during the final approach, the propeller remained in the feathered position, preventing the engine from producing sufficient RPM. The aircraft subsequently touched down on uneven ground. During the landing roll, the aircraft struck a fence and later hit a large rock approximately 300 meters from the initial touchdown point. This impact caused the main landing gear struts to fail, leading the propeller blades to strike the ground. The pilot, who sustained no injuries, was able to disembark safely, but the aircraft suffered substantial damage.
The investigation
SACAA AIID investigators examined the aircraft's mechanical condition and the circumstances surrounding the flight. A borescope of the engine and inspections of the fuel system, including the fuel control unit, revealed no mechanical anomalies or leaks. While the pilot believed there was still some fuel endurance remaining, post-accident inspections of the fuel tanks found them to be completely dry. The investigation also noted that while the engine did restart on final approach, the pilot had failed to move the propeller control lever to the maximum position, which contributed to increased drag and a rapid loss of altitude.
Findings
- The engine flameout was caused by fuel exhaustion.
- The forced landing was unsuccessful due to the unsuitable nature of the terrain.
- The aircraft's engine and fuel systems were mechanically sound prior to the exhaustion of fuel.
- The pilot was fully qualified with a valid Commercial Pilot Licence and the necessary agricultural ratings.