What happened
On 31 July 2014, a Bantam B22J aircraft, registration ZU-FSO, was conducting a commercial conservation flight over the Addo Elephant National Park in the Eastern Cape. The mission was intended to coordinate anti-poaching patrols and familiarize a newly appointed pilot with standard operating procedures. The flight departed from Mimosa private aerodrome under clear weather conditions.
Approximately 17 minutes into the flight, while the aircraft was returning to the aerodrome at an altitude of 500 feet, the engine began running roughly before losing power completely. The pilot attempted to restart the engine using the procedures outlined in the quick reference handbook, but the engine would not restart. Finding no suitable area for a controlled forced landing, the pilot glided the aircraft into a group of trees approximately 5.2 nautical miles from the aerodrome. While the aircraft sustained substantial damage, there were no injuries to the two occupants.
The investigation
SACAA AIID investigators examined the wreckage and the engine components to determine the cause of the power loss. The investigation included a technical review of the aircraft's maintenance history, which showed the aircraft was well-maintained and airworthy. The engine, a Jabiru 3300A, was later removed and tested on a test bench; it was found to be functioning perfectly with no mechanical anomalies or malfunctions detected.
Investigators also scrutinized the fuel system. Although a detached fuel supply line was found, it was not the cause of the failure. The investigation ultimately determined that the fuel tank was empty at the time of the impact. The pilot's initial estimate of having 30 litres of fuel upon departure was found to be incorrect.
Findings
- The engine failure was caused by fuel exhaustion during flight.
- The pilot responded appropriately to the emergency by attempting restart procedures and maintaining control of the aircraft.
- The aircraft was within its maximum weight limits and was in a valid state of airworthiness.
- The weather conditions were favorable for flight at the time of the accident.