Engine Failure Leads to Forced Landing of Sanka Helicopter in East London

Casualties unknown • S32⁰ 45’ 39.50” E028⁰ 15’ 12.56, ZA

A Sanka AK 1-3 helicopter experienced an in-flight engine failure due to a disconnected ignition plug, resulting in a hard landing on a beach near East London.

What happened

On 25 January 2020, a private flight departing from the Morgan Bay Hotel toward Glen Eden ended in an emergency landing near the Haga-Haga Holiday Resort. The flight, conducted under visual flight rules, proceeded normally for approximately eight minutes. While cruising at 600 feet, the pilot observed a low rotor RPM warning light, followed by a drop in engine RPM. The engine subsequently began running roughly before failing completely.

In response to the power loss, the pilot initiated an autorotation. However, during the flare maneuver intended to cushion the touchdown, the descent rate was not sufficiently reduced. This caused the helicopter skids to strike the soft ground of the beach with significant force. During the impact, the main rotor struck the tail boom, resulting in substantial damage to the Sanka AK 1-3 (registration ZU-RNJ). The pilot escaped the crash without any injuries.

The investigation

An investigation by the SACAA AIID focused on the mechanical failure of the Subaru EJ-25 engine. While the engine had passed a pre-flight inspection and showed no external anomalies, a post-accident examination of the engine components revealed a critical fault. Investigators discovered that the ignition coil plug, which provides spark to all four cylinders, had become detached during flight.

Upon closer inspection of the hardware, the investigation found that the rubber latch on the interior of the plug was damaged. This damage prevented the plug from locking securely into the engine's fixed connector. Because the plug was not properly seated, it was able to pull away from the connector in-flight, cutting off the electrical connection to the spark plugs.

Probable cause

The engine stopped because the ignition coil plug disconnected in-flight, eliminating the spark to all four cylinders.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2020-01-25 Sanka AK 1-3 accident near S32⁰ 45’ 39.50” E028⁰ 15’ 12.56, ZA?

A Sanka AK 1-3 helicopter experienced an in-flight engine failure due to a disconnected ignition plug, resulting in a hard landing on a beach near East London.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2020-01-25 involved a Sanka AK 1-3, registration ZU-RNJ, at S32⁰ 45’ 39.50” E028⁰ 15’ 12.56, ZA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The engine stopped because the ignition coil plug disconnected in-flight, eliminating the spark to all four cylinders.

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