What happened
On 17 March 2017, a Saab 340B, registration VH-NRX, was performing a scheduled passenger flight from Albury to Sydney, carrying 16 passengers and three crew members. While flying approximately 55 nautical miles southwest of Sydney Airport, the flight crew observed fluctuations on the right engine torque gauge.
In an attempt to stabilize the engine, the crew adjusted the power and condition levers. However, as they began executing uncommanded engine operation checklists, vibrations from the right engine increased significantly. The crew initiated an engine shutdown procedure to manage the instability. During this process, the propeller separated from the aircraft. The crew declared a PAN PAN urgency call to air traffic control and successfully completed the shutdown. The aircraft subsequently landed at Sydney Airport without further incident. The detached propeller was later recovered by police in a forested area roughly 10 nautical miles southwest of the airport.
The investigation
The investigation focused on the mechanical failure of the propeller shaft. Physical examination of the aircraft at Sydney Airport revealed that the propeller gearbox shaft had fractured. Laboratory analysis of the recovered shaft identified a fatigue crack that had originated at the dowel pin hole of the propeller gearbox shaft flange. /nInvestigators also examined maintenance records and procedures. They found that the manufacturer's documentation lacked specific instructions for detecting fatigue cracks in the propeller shaft. Furthermore, the operator's maintenance worksheets did not require the recording of specific inspection findings, which limited the ability to monitor potential defects over time.
Findings
- The propeller separation was caused by a fatigue crack in the propeller gearbox shaft flange.
- The crack initiated at a dowel pin hole, driven by cyclic loading.
- Localized corrosion and fretting damage were present near the fracture site.
- Existing manufacturer maintenance documentation did not provide adequate procedures to detect such fatigue cracking.
- The operator's inspection records lacked the detail necessary to effectively track and identify emerging defects.