What happened
On June 10, 2008, an Airbus A310, registration ST-ATN, was operating an international flight from Damascus to Khartoum. Due to inclement weather, the flight had previously diverted to Port Sudan before returning to Khartoum for a night approach to runway 36. At the time of landing, the runway was wet, and the aircraft was experiencing a tailwind of approximately 15 knots, despite the crew having been provided with different wind information.
The aircraft touched down approximately 900 meters beyond the runway threshold. Upon touchdown, the pilot applied thrust reversers; however, the number 1 engine thrust reverser was deactivated in accordance with the Minimum Equipment List (MEL). The application of the remaining reverser caused the aircraft to skid to the right. To correct the aircraft's position, the pilot used differential braking to return to the centerline. During this process, the anti-skid system was deactivated, leading to wheel lock-up. The aircraft was unable to stop before the end of the runway, overrunning the pavement by 215 meters. Following the stop, the aircraft caught fire on its right side.
The investigation
The investigation examined the aircraft's flight recorders, wreckage, and maintenance history. Investigators analyzed the braking system, the condition of the engines, and the deployment of the thrust reverser. The investigation also reviewed meteorological data, air traffic control communications, and the performance of the airport's fire-fighting services. Technical examination of the wreckage revealed that the fire likely originated from a fuel leak between the right engine nacelle and the right wing root, potentially caused by a tank puncture or debris.
Findings
- The aircraft touched down significantly far from the threshold on a wet, slippery runway.
- The long landing distance combined with the lack of auto brake selection and the inoperative number 1 engine thrust reverser prevented the aircraft from stopping within the remaining runway length.
- The crew was unaware of the actual ground speed and the presence of a significant tailwind.
- The aircraft's right-side landing gear sustained damage, and the fire caused the aircraft to eventually collapse.
- The airport's fire-fighting response was hindered by issues regarding training, communication, and infrastructure.
- The ILS for runway 36 was not properly calibrated.