What happened
On 30 September 2013, a student pilot was conducting a solo consolidation flight at Port Alfred Aerodrome (FAPA) in a Piper PA28-140, registration ZS-ICL. Prior to the solo departure, the pilot and an instructor had noted that the engine's idle power setting was approximately 70 and 850 rpm, which was slightly higher than usual but still within the manufacturer's allowable limits. Because the setting remained within limits, the instructor authorized the student to proceed with the solo circuit.
During the first landing attempt, the student noticed the idle power had increased further. This excess power caused the aircraft to float excessively during the landing flare. Rather than initiating a go-around, the pilot continued to apply back pressure on the control column. This maneuver caused the aircraft to balloon, ultimately touching down on its nosewheel. The aircraft then veered to the left of runway 10R before coming to a stop. There were no injuries to the pilot, though the aircraft sustained damage to the propeller, engine cowling, and nosegear, as well as a cracked crankcase.
The investigation
SACAA AIID examined the aircraft's maintenance history and the circumstances of the flight. The investigation confirmed that the aircraft had been maintained according to regulations and that the weather conditions—characterized by a light 4-knot wind and clear skies—were well within safe operating limits.
Investigators attempted to determine why the engine idle power had increased, but the damage to the engine mount and the cracked crankcase prevented a bench test of the engine. While potential causes for abnormal idle power, such as carburetor linkage issues, were considered, no definitive mechanical cause could be established. The investigation also noted that the student pilot had approximately 23.3 total flying hours at the time of the incident.
Findings
- The primary cause of the incident was poor flying technique by the student pilot.
- The pilot failed to execute a go-around despite observing an increased power setting and an excessive float.
- The application of excessive back pressure during the flare led to the ballooning effect and subsequent nosewheel impact.
- The exact mechanical reason for the elevated idle power could not be determined due to impact-related damage to the engine components.