Super Caravelle crashes into sea during night approach at Funchal

Casualties unknown • Funchal Madeira Flughafen (LPMA)/PRT, CH

A SATA SE-210 Super Caravelle crashed into the ocean near Madeira after the crew descended below the safe circling altitude during a night approach.

What happened

On December 18, 1977, at approximately 20:14 GMT, a SE-210 Super Caravelle, registration HB-ICK, operated by SATA, impacted the sea roughly 4 km from the start of runway 06 at Funchal Airport, Madeira. The flight, designated as a route check, was traveling from Geneva to Funchal.

During the approach, the crew intended to perform a full NDB instrument approach for training purposes. While executing the procedure, the aircraft transitioned from the downwind leg to the base leg. The pilots reported descending to 650 ft, and subsequently to 600 ft, in an attempt to avoid overshooting the relatively short runway. Shortly after the base turn, the aircraft struck the water. The impact caused the airframe to break apart, and the cabin was rapidly flooded. While the two pilots managed to escape the wreckage through the cockpit windows, the accident resulted in 17 fatalities among the passengers and crew.

Probable cause

The accident was caused by an involuntary descent during the approach, driven by a combination of flight illusion and a lack of coordination between the pilots. The crew lost visual contact with the runway lights after descending below 200 ft, while simultaneously being distracted by external light sources and internal cockpit adjustments.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1977-12-18 SUD-AVIATION SE 210 CARAVELLE 10B1R accident near Funchal Madeira Flughafen (LPMA)/PRT, CH?

A SATA SE-210 Super Caravelle crashed into the ocean near Madeira after the crew descended below the safe circling altitude during a night approach.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1977-12-18 involved a SUD-AVIATION SE 210 CARAVELLE 10B1R, registration HB-ICK, at Funchal Madeira Flughafen (LPMA)/PRT, CH.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The accident was caused by an involuntary descent during the approach, driven by a combination of flight illusion and a lack of coordination between the pilots. The crew lost visual contact with the runway lights after descending below 200 ft, while simultaneously being distracted by external light sources and…

Investigation report by the Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board (STSB / SUST). Original record: https://www.sust.admin.ch/inhalte/AV-berichte/909.pdf. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board (STSB), Switzerland.

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