What happened
On 25 May 2013, a Cessna 182T, registration ZS-FSI, was conducting a private flight from Springs Aerodrome to Fly Inn Air Park in Gauteng. Upon approaching runway 06, the pilot identified a significant crosswind component of approximately 16 knots. After an initial aborted landing attempt, the pilot prepared for a second approach using full flaps.
During the final flare, the pilot observed the wind speed increasing. Caught in a moment of indecision regarding whether to execute a go-around or proceed with the landing, the aircraft descended heavily onto the grass runway. The impact caused the aircraft to bounce twice before coming to a halt. Upon attempting to exit the runway, the pilot discovered the aircraft was no longer steerable. A subsequent inspection revealed a propeller strike and a partially collapsed nose oleo strut, which had been driven with enough force to penetrate the engine firewall.
The investigation
SACAA AIID investigators examined the aircraft's maintenance history, the meteorological conditions, and the pilot's flight profile. The investigation confirmed that the aircraft was well-maintained and the pilot was appropriately licensed. The inquiry focused on the pilot's decision-making during the landing phase and the impact of the environmental conditions on the aircraft's stability.
Findings
- The pilot's indecision during the landing flare led to a heavy touchdown.
- The crosswind velocity at the time of the incident was approximately 16 knots, which exceeded the manufacturer's demonstrated crosswind limitation for landing.
- The pilot utilized full flaps for the approach, which deviates from the standard procedures outlined in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) for high crosswind conditions.
- Fluctuating wind speeds acted as a distraction, contributing to the loss of control during the critical landing phase.