Engine Stoppage During Takeoff Due to Fuel Starvation

Casualties unknown • Spring Arbor, MI, US

A light aircraft experienced an engine failure shortly after takeoff due to fuel starvation caused by a combination of low fuel quantity and a steep turn.

What happened

The aircraft performed an emergency landing off the airport runway after the engine ceased operation during the initial climb phase. Prior to departure, the pilot had loaded approximately half a tank of fuel into both the left and right wing tanks. For the takeoff roll, the pilot selected the right-hand tank as the primary fuel source.

During the ground roll, the pilot executed a 180-degree left turn on the runway, likely to align with the desired heading before accelerating for lift-off. As the aircraft climbed to approximately 200 feet above ground level (AGL), the engine suddenly stopped. No further mechanical failures were identified that could explain the power loss.

The investigation

A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) maintenance inspector examined the circumstances surrounding the event. The investigation focused on the fuel system dynamics during the turn. It was determined that when fuel is drawn from a tank located on the outside of a turn, centrifugal force pushes the fuel away from the engine pickup point.

Because the right tank was only half full and situated on the outside of the left-hand turn, the fuel sloshed outward. This movement created an interruption in the fuel supply line, allowing an air bubble to form. When this air bubble reached the carburetor, it caused a momentary loss of fuel flow, resulting in engine stoppage.

Findings

The primary factor contributing to the accident was the interruption of fuel flow due to fuel starvation. The combination of a partially filled right-hand tank and a tight left turn on the ground created conditions where centrifugal force moved the fuel away from the engine's intake. This left an air gap in the fuel line, which led to engine failure at a critical altitude.

No other mechanical defects or operational errors were found to have contributed to the event.

Probable cause

The pilot's decision to take off with insufficient fuel in the right tank while executing a tight turn, which caused fuel starvation due to centrifugal force moving the fuel away from the engine pickup.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1983-05-15 Piper PA-22 accident near Spring Arbor, MI?

A light aircraft experienced an engine failure shortly after takeoff due to fuel starvation caused by a combination of low fuel quantity and a steep turn.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1983-05-15 involved a Piper PA-22, registration N3242Z, at Spring Arbor, MI.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The pilot's decision to take off with insufficient fuel in the right tank while executing a tight turn, which caused fuel starvation due to centrifugal force moving the fuel away from the engine pickup.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001214X42917. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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