Controlled flight into terrain during approach in dense fog

Casualties unknown • MT Airy, GA, US

An aircraft tracked right of course and struck trees on rising terrain while attempting an instrument approach in severe weather conditions near the airport.

What happened

The pilot requested and received clearance to fly directly to an uncontrolled airport, despite the facility lacking terminal navigation aids and the aircraft being equipped with no RNAV-type equipment. A special weather observation from nearby Athens at 0745 indicated indefinite ceiling, obscured sky, and visibility of one-quarter mile with fog. At 0801, Atlanta Center cleared the pilot to intercept the Toccoa 229 radial and proceed inbound via the VOR/DME runway 6 approach. When established on the radial, the pilot was instructed to descend and maintain 4,000 feet.

The pilot was cleared for the approach. Before reaching the initial approach fix on the 33-mile DME arc at 0803, he was advised that the airport was one mile off his right wing. The aircraft tracked outbound in the vicinity of the 229 radial, then turned back toward the airport. However, it never became established inbound on the radial. Subsequently, the aircraft tracked to the right of course and struck trees on rising terrain approximately 3.25 miles east of the airport at an altitude of 1,660 feet MSL. The minimum descent altitude for the approach was 1,920 feet.

An eyewitness reported visibility was between 40 to 50 feet with dense fog. The minimums for the approach were 500 feet ceiling and one mile visibility. Atlanta Center experienced a shift change as the aircraft arrived. The controller did not advise that radar service was terminated nor provide information about weather during the approach. This was the pilot's first approach to this airport.

Findings

The aircraft tracked right of course and struck trees on rising terrain. The minimum descent altitude for the approach was 1,920 feet. An eyewitness reported visibility was between 40 to 50 feet with dense fog. The minimums for the approach were 500 feet ceiling and one mile visibility. Atlanta Center experienced a shift change as the aircraft arrived. The controller did not advise that radar service was terminated nor provide information about weather during the approach. This was the pilot's first approach to this airport.

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to remain clear of terrain while conducting an instrument approach in visual meteorological conditions below minimums, attributed to his decision to descend below the minimum descent altitude without having the airport in sight and his lack of familiarity with the airport.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1984-04-23 Piper PA-34-220T accident near MT Airy, GA?

An aircraft tracked right of course and struck trees on rising terrain while attempting an instrument approach in severe weather conditions near the airport.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1984-04-23 involved a Piper PA-34-220T, registration N8443H, at MT Airy, GA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The pilot's failure to remain clear of terrain while conducting an instrument approach in visual meteorological conditions below minimums, attributed to his decision to descend below the minimum descent altitude without having the airport in sight and his lack of familiarity with the airport.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001214X39211. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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