Mid-air separation incident involving two Boeing 747s and a Swearingen Merlin

Casualties unknown • New York, NY, US

A Swearingen SA 227AC Merlin passed approximately 300 feet above a Boeing 747 during a visual approach to runway 31R.

What happened

During the approach to runway 31R, two Boeing 747 aircraft were being followed by a Swearingen SA 227AC Merlin. The crew of the Merlin accepted a visual approach, with air traffic control identifying the lead traffic at the 11 o'clock position.

Radar data revealed that the first 747 was positioned only 10 degrees to the left of the Merlin's nose, which the flight crew identified as the aircraft they were to follow. The second 747, intended to be the primary traffic for the Merlin to follow, was positioned at 45 degrees to the left of the nose. While on this visual approach, the Merlin passed approximately 300 feet above the top of the second 747 in the vicinity of the outer marker. No evasive action was taken by the crew during the encounter.

Findings

The captain of the Merlin noted that he typically flies between 1 to 1.5 dots high on the glide slope specifically to avoid wake turbulence. During the event, the sun was at an angle that caused both 747 aircraft to be backlit, potentially affecting visibility.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1989-04-23 Fairchild Swearingen SA-227AC accident near New York, NY?

A Swearingen SA 227AC Merlin passed approximately 300 feet above a Boeing 747 during a visual approach to runway 31R.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1989-04-23 involved a Fairchild Swearingen SA-227AC, registration N3044J, operated by Pocono Airlines, at New York, NY.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

THE FAILURE OF THE SWEARINGEN FLIGHT CREW TO PROPERLY IDENTIFY THE AIRPLANE THEY WERE TO FOLLOW, PRIOR TO ACCEPTING THE VISUAL APPROACH TO RUNWAY 31R.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001213X28181. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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