Casualties unknown

Takeoff Accident on Wet Sod Runway with Flaps at 5 Degrees (N78516)

Martin, SD, US

On June 4, 1990, a Cessna 188A (registration N78516) was involved in an aviation accident near Martin, SD. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: THE ON-GROUND LOSS OF CONTROL DURING THE TAKEOFF GROUND RUN. CONTRIBUTING TO THIS ACCIDENT WAS THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO USE OPTIMUM TAKEOFF FLAPS FOR THE RUNWAY CONDITIONS THAT EXISTED, AND THE SOFT WET RUNWAY SURFACE. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-06-10Data APIEditorial standards

A pilot attempting takeoff from a wet, muddy sod runway with flaps at 5 degrees (optimum 20) reported the airplane lifted off momentarily then settled back, eventually exiting the runway and coming to rest in a pond.

Accident Details

A pilot attempted to take off from a wet, muddy sod runway that was 2,600 feet long at an elevation of 3,300 feet MSL. The airplane was loaded with full fuel and 70 gallons of 2-4-D herbicide. The computed weight was below the maximum certificated gross weight.

The pilot set the flaps to 5 degrees; however, optimum takeoff performance for the airplane is achieved with 20 degrees of flaps. The ambient temperature was approximately 88 degrees Fahrenheit, and the wind was reported from the west-northwest at 2 to 3 miles per hour.

According to performance figures, the airplane should have been able to take off under these conditions.

Pilot Statements

The pilot informed an FAA inspector that the airplane lifted off momentarily then settled back onto the runway. In the pilot's accident report, the pilot stated that the airplane did not become airborne. This discrepancy could not be resolved.

The pilot further stated that the airplane departed the left side of the runway, went through a small pond, struck the shoulder of a road, slid across the road, and came to rest on its nose in a large pond.

Aircraft Damage

The airplane sustained damage during the sequence of events, coming to rest in the large pond after impacting the road shoulder.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001212X23382. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.