In-flight fire leads to forced landing and terrain impact

Casualties unknown • Albuquerque, NM, US

An aircraft experienced an in-flight fire following smoke in the cockpit, resulting in a forced landing where the plane impacted the terrain nose low.

What happened

During the flight, the pilot reported smoke in the cockpit to Air Traffic Control (ATC), prompting a diversion to an alternate airport. During the approach, the aircraft entered a downwind pattern and overshot the runway. Witnesses observed that the pilot did not shut down the engine prior to the impact. The aircraft sustained an in-flight fire and ultimately impacted the terrain in a nose-low attitude during the forced landing.

The investigation

The investigation into the mechanical failures revealed that the fuel line servicing the No. 5 cylinder had separated due to cyclic stresses that propagated a fatigue crack. It was determined that the maintenance installation of this line was improperly routed and the line had not been clamped. Notably, manufacturer information regarding the correct routing and clamping of this line was unavailable in existing service bulletins.

Additionally, the exhaust pipe showed evidence of mechanical abrasion and thermal oxidation prior to the accident, despite the exhaust system having undergone a recent maintenance check. Investigators also found that a 'B' nut was missing from the top spark plug for the No. 5 cylinder, which was located in an area of intense heat during the fire. Furthermore, surface cracks penetrating the inside of the V-band coupling used to secure the exhaust pipe exhibited oxidation damage that had been present for some time before the accident.

Probable cause

The separation of the fuel line to the number five cylinder caused by fatigue cracks resulting from improper routing and a lack of clamping during maintenance, which led to an in-flight fire.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1992-04-09 Piper PA-32R-301T accident near Albuquerque, NM?

An aircraft experienced an in-flight fire following smoke in the cockpit, resulting in a forced landing where the plane impacted the terrain nose low.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1992-04-09 involved a Piper PA-32R-301T, registration N8194X, operated by New Mexico Transportation Dept, at Albuquerque, NM.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The separation of the fuel line to the number five cylinder caused by fatigue cracks resulting from improper routing and a lack of clamping during maintenance, which led to an in-flight fire.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001211X14418. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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