Engine Damage and Landing Gear Failure Following Hard Landing

Casualties unknown • Chicago, IL, US

An aircraft sustained engine damage and nose landing gear structural issues following a high-G touchdown during landing.

What happened

During the initial touchdown phase of flight, the aircraft experienced a hard landing. The impact was significant enough to generate an acceleration of 1.9488 G's. Following this touchdown, the aircraft underwent four oscillations in the pitch axis, with the nose pitching up to a maximum of +5.98 degrees and down to a minimum of -2.46 degrees.

As a result of the impact, the nose tires failed, and damage was sustained to the general area of the nose landing gear support structure. Additionally, the aircraft suffered foreign object damage (FOD) to both the number one and number three engines.

The investigation

Analysis of Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data provided specific parameters regarding the impact. At the moment of touchdown, the throttle resolver angles for the three engines were recorded at 52.03 degrees for engine number one, 51.33 degrees for engine number two, and 49.22 degrees for engine number three.

Further examination of the FDR revealed that during the period of pitch oscillations, spoiler positions remained limited, never exceeding 8.0 degrees of deflection. The nose weight-on-wheels parameter also showed four distinct changes during the event.

Probable cause

A hard landing upon initial touchdown caused structural damage to the nose landing gear support, tire failure, and foreign object damage to the number one and number three engines.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1994-08-19 Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11F accident near Chicago, IL?

An aircraft sustained engine damage and nose landing gear structural issues following a high-G touchdown during landing.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1994-08-19 involved a Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11F, registration IDUPO, operated by Alitalia, at Chicago, IL.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

A hard landing upon initial touchdown caused structural damage to the nose landing gear support, tire failure, and foreign object damage to the number one and number three engines.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001206X02028. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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