Combustion heater fire and electrical failure during cruise flight

Casualties unknown • Martinsburg, WV, US

A pilot was forced to divert and land after an explosion in the combustion heater caused smoke in the cabin and a loss of electrical power.

What happened

During cruise flight, the pilot of a Cessna (registration not provided) experienced an explosion while the combustion heater was operational. Following the explosion, smoke entered the aircraft cabin and the pilot experienced a loss of electrical power. The pilot subsequently diverted the aircraft and performed a landing without further incident.

The investigation

An examination of the aircraft revealed that the combustion heater had sustained both heat and fire damage. Investigators identified that the fuel pump supply line, which connected the fuel pump to the heater, was loose and cracked at the inlet of the fuel pump housing. The surfaces of the fracture were found to be dull and covered in carbon build-up.

Review of the aircraft logbooks showed that the combustion heater had been removed, rebuilt, and reinstalled on December 1, 1993, when the aircraft had a total time of 3,932.2 hours. The aircraft's most recent annual inspection occurred in September 2001, at 5,213.5 hours. At the time of the event, the aircraft had accumulated 5,231.9 total hours. No records were found indicating compliance with a 20-year-old Airworthiness Directive intended to prevent hazardous conditions caused by deterioration of this specific combustion heater model.

Probable cause

A cracked and loose fuel pump supply line led to an explosion and fire within the combustion heater.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2001-12-17 Cessna 401A accident near Martinsburg, WV?

A pilot was forced to divert and land after an explosion in the combustion heater caused smoke in the cabin and a loss of electrical power.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2001-12-17 involved a Cessna 401A, registration N4062Q, at Martinsburg, WV.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

A cracked and loose fuel pump supply line led to an explosion and fire within the combustion heater.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20020104X00025. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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