Ground resonance leads to destruction of helicopter during takeoff attempt

Casualties unknown • Scappoose, OR, US

A helicopter experienced two separate ground resonance events during takeoff attempts, resulting in the aircraft breaking apart and causing injuries to the occupants.

What happened

The pilot attempted to operate the helicopter at its maximum gross weight. After lifting the aircraft into a hover and stabilizing the rotor RPM, the RPM began to decrease. Unable to recover the RPM, the helicopter settled back to the ground and entered a ground resonance condition. The pilot responded by closing the throttle and lowering the collective; during this process, the aircraft shuddered and rotated 45 degrees to the left before the resonance subsided.

The pilot then successfully re-established a stable hover with stabilized engine and rotor RPM, even performing a left pedal turn. However, while attempting to transition into forward flight, the rotor RPM dipped a second time. This forced the pilot to set the aircraft down again. Upon landing, the helicopter entered ground resonance for a second time. This second event was more severe than the first, causing the aircraft to be shaken apart around the pilot and the passenger. The incident resulted in 2 injuries.

The investigation

Post-accident testing focused on the landing gear components. The investigation revealed that all four landing gear dampers had failed a load stroke test. Specifically, the dampers were set too hard, which contributed to the onset of the ground resonance condition following the reduction in rotor RPM.

Probable cause

The occurrence of ground resonance due to landing gear dampers being set too hard, which triggered the instability after a reduction in rotor RPM during takeoff attempts.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2003-07-29 Hughes 269C-1 accident near Scappoose, OR?

A helicopter experienced two separate ground resonance events during takeoff attempts, resulting in the aircraft breaking apart and causing injuries to the occupants.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2003-07-29 involved a Hughes 269C-1, registration N61442, at Scappoose, OR.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The occurrence of ground resonance due to landing gear dampers being set too hard, which triggered the instability after a reduction in rotor RPM during takeoff attempts.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20030731X01247. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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