What happened
On August 8, 2020, a Zodiac CH-601 XL, registration SP-YII, was performing a private recreational flight at Kętrzyn-Wilamowo (EPKE) airport. After a brief stop, the pilot, accompanied by one passenger, prepared for a flight to Suwałki. The aircraft was fueled with approximately 60 liters of automotive gasoline.
During the takeoff roll on runway 15, the aircraft lifted off the grass surface after approximately 300 meters. Immediately following liftoff, the pilot transitioned into a steep climb without maintaining the necessary level flight phase to build airspeed. At an altitude of approximately 15 to 20 meters, the aircraft's airspeed decreased significantly, leading to a loss of lateral stability and a wing drop. The aircraft subsequently struck the ground at a steep angle, impacting first with the right wing tip and then with the nose/cabin area. The aircraft came to rest on the grass with its tail elevated. The crew evacuated the wreckage uninjured, and no fire occurred.
The investigation
The PKBWL investigation examined the aircraft's weight and balance, engine performance, and environmental conditions. The investigation established that the aircraft's takeoff mass was 567 kg, which exceeded the maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of 565 kg by 2 kg. Additionally, the crew weight exceeded the manufacturer's limit by 5 kg.
Investigators also analyzed the meteorological conditions, noting a high ambient temperature of 29°C. While the engine was at full power and the propeller pitch was correctly set, the high temperature and the weight exceeding limits likely contributed to an extended takeoff roll and reduced climb performance. The investigation relied on the pilot's statement, witness testimonies, and the physical evidence at the scene.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was pilot error involving an overly steep climb following takeoff and a failure to maintain airspeed, which led to a stall and wing drop.
- The aircraft's takeoff mass exceeded the maximum allowable limit.
- The maximum allowable crew weight was exceeded by 5 kg.
- High ambient temperatures (29°C) and near-windless conditions likely impacted the aircraft's climb performance and takeoff distance.