What happened
On June 25, 2023, a Piper PA-34-220T, registration SP-TFC, was conducting training maneuvers at Grądy Aerodrome (EPGY) as part of a multi-engine piston (MEP(L)) rating course. The flight involved a series of circuit patterns, including exercises to master emergency procedures with one engine inoperative. During the training, the instructor deactivated the right engine and feathered the propeller to simulate an engine failure.
While on final approach, the trainee pilot failed to extend the landing gear. As the aircraft reached the flare phase approximately 200 meters past the runway threshold, the propeller of the operating left engine struck the asphalt runway surface. The instructor attempted to initiate a go-around by applying maximum power; however, the aircraft, still in a gear-up configuration, transitioned from the paved surface to the grass. The aircraft subsequently struck a fence post and a tree, resulting in severe structural damage to the airframe, including the destruction of the left wing tip and deformation of the right wing and engine mount. The crew escaped the aircraft without injuries.
The investigation
The PKBWL investigation examined the flight profiles, crew qualifications, and the training syllabus used by the operator. The investigation reviewed the aircraft's maintenance records, finding the aircraft airworthy and properly maintained. The investigators also analyzed the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) for the Piper PA-34-220T and the specific training instructions for the MEP(L) course, noting discrepancies between the training syllabus and established safety standards regarding engine shutdown procedures.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the failure to extend the landing gear during the simulated engine failure approach.
- The crew failed to perform the required emergency checklist prior to landing.
- The approach speed was 5 knots lower than the minimum required speed specified in the POH.
- The landing was performed with 25° flaps, which deviated from the training program's requirement to land with flaps retracted.
- The instructor failed to take corrective action regarding the trainee's failure to extend the gear or maintain appropriate airspeed.
- There was a lack of effective communication and coordination between the crew members.
- The training syllabus instructed the actual shutdown of an engine, whereas the POH recommends simulating failure via power reduction to avoid the risks associated with sudden power application on a single engine.