What happened
On July 30, 2024, a Cessna 172S, registration SP-UTD, was performing a series of circuit flights for integrated ATPL(A) training at EPPG airport. The crew consisted of an instructor and a student pilot. During the fifth landing of the session, the student pilot misjudged the aircraft's altitude and initiated the flare below the required height.
In an attempt to prevent the aircraft from touching down prematurely, the student pilot applied abrupt back-pressure on the control column. This maneuver caused the aircraft to oscillate and subsequently climb without a corresponding increase in engine power. This resulted in an increase in the angle of attack, leading to a loss of lift and a decrease in airspeed. Neither crew member initiated a go-around. The instructor did not intervene or react to the student's incorrect control inputs. Consequently, the aircraft entered a stall and descended, causing the tail section to strike the runway.
Following the impact, the aircraft landed on its main gear and taxied to the parking area. There were no injuries to the crew, and both pilots exited the aircraft unaided. A post-flight inspection revealed damage to the lower rudder, the cone skin, and the rear fuselage bulkhead.
The investigation
The PKBWL reviewed documentation provided by the investigating entity to determine the sequence of events and the factors contributing to the tail strike. The investigation focused on the flight maneuvers during the landing phase and the crew's response to the developing aerodynamic stall.
Findings
- The primary cause of the incident was an incorrect altitude assessment during descent and performing the flare below the prescribed height.
- A lack of decision to execute a go-around contributed to the event.
- The instructor's failure to react to the student pilot's improper actions served as a contributing factor.