What happened
On December 18, 2004, a Cessna 152, registration CS-AYX, was performing a recreational flight as part of a mini-rally organized by the Aero Clube de Portugal. The flight involved a trip to Ericeira and a return to Cascais Aerodrome. During the return approach to runway 35, the pilot utilized a 10-degree flap setting due to reported strong winds and gusts.
As the aircraft reached the landing point and began the flare at the 300-meter mark, a sudden wind gust caused an increase in lift, resulting in an unexpected climb. In an attempt to correct the flight path and bring the aircraft back toward the runway, the pilot pushed the control column forward. This maneuver caused the nose gear to strike the asphalt violently, resulting in its structural failure. The aircraft then slid approximately 20 meters along the runway, with the propeller and the lower fuselage making contact with the ground. The pilot and one passenger were able to exit the aircraft uninjured.
The investigation
The GPIAAF investigation established that the aircraft was airworthy and had recently undergone a 100-hour inspection. The investigation also noted an irregularity regarding the airport's operations; the Aerodrome Operations Service (SOA) ordered the removal of the aircraft from the site before the investigators had arrived or provided authorization. However, the investigators were able to examine the wreckage once it was moved to a maintenance hangar.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was inadequate piloting technique during landing in strong, gusty wind conditions.
- A sudden wind gust caused an unexpected climb during the flare phase.
- The pilot's immediate corrective action—pushing the control column forward—led to a nose-down attitude that caused the nose gear to impact the runway with excessive force.
- The pilot's limited flight experience (approximately 58 hours total) contributed to the inability to use engine power effectively to manage the situation.
- Strong winds and gusts were a contributing factor to the occurrence.
Safety action
- The Aero Clube de Portugal was recommended to establish internal regulations and wind limits for operations based on pilot experience and aircraft type.
- The Director of Cascais Aerodrome was advised to ensure airport staff are properly trained on the legal procedures regarding the protection of accident sites and the preservation of evidence.