What happened
On January 22, 2022, at approximately 20:50 UTC, an EMB 202A agricultural aircraft, registration PT-WXV, was performing a local crop dusting mission near the Chalela landing strip in Palestina, São Paulo. The aircraft, operated by Pachu Aviação Agrícola Ltda., was conducting low-altitude spraying passes over a rural area.
During the flight, the pilot realized that the control valve for the spray system had not been opened prior to takeoff. Consequently, the first two passes were completed without any chemical application. As the pilot attempted a third pass to cover the unsprayed area, the aircraft performed a reversal turn. During this maneuver, the right wing of the aircraft struck an isolated tree located to the right of the flight path. Following the impact, the aircraft struck the ground approximately 100 meters from the initial collision, spinning roughly 270 degrees clockwise. The pilot sustained minor injuries, but the aircraft suffered substantial damage.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation confirmed that the pilot was fully qualified, holding valid commercial licenses and medical certification. The aircraft was also in compliance with airworthiness requirements, with all maintenance logs up to date and the aircraft operating within proper weight and balance limits. Meteorological conditions were favorable for the operation.
The investigation focused on the pilot's actions regarding the spray system and obstacle avoidance. While the pilot had performed a reconnaissance flight and was aware of the tree's presence, the investigation established that the pilot's attention was compromised. The pilot had also been using a non-recommended procedure—leaving the solid/liquid lever open before takeoff to facilitate spraying—which deviates from the manufacturer's manual.
Findings
- The pilot experienced a reduction in effective response to stimuli, leading to inattention and a failure in the aircraft's warning system.
- There was a significant reduction in situational awareness during a critical phase of the operation.
- Although the hazard (the tree) was identified during reconnaissance, the pilot failed to maintain adequate clearance during the maneuvering phase.
- The pilot's failure to properly manage the spray valve controls contributed to the operational distraction.