What happened
A de Havilland DHC-3 Otter was flying from Triumph Bay to Campbell River, British Columbia, carrying one pilot and nine passengers. As the aircraft approached the Campbell River control zone, the pilot obtained a special visual flight rules (SVFR) clearance to enter the area. During the approach, the aircraft turned toward the airport but subsequently flew into the northwest side of a 1,047-foot mountain at approximately 860 feet. The impact, which occurred in straight-and-level flight, destroyed the aircraft. The crash resulted in 8 fatalities and 2 serious injuries.
The investigation
The investigation examined the pilot's flight path, weather conditions, and aircraft weight. Radar data showed the aircraft was tracking near the localizer and the Campbell River non-directional beacon before the collision. Investigators found that the aircraft was significantly overweight at takeoff; calculations revealed the load exceeded the maximum allowable gross weight by approximately 900 pounds due to errors in calculating passenger weights, baggage, and fuel. Additionally, the center of gravity was outside of approved limits.
Meteorological data confirmed that the area was experiencing low ceilings and visibility restricted by light rain and fog. While the pilot had received several weather updates, the investigation noted that the pilot's decision to continue the approach was influenced by the SVFR clearance and the recent report from another aircraft that had successfully broken through the clouds.
Findings
- The pilot experienced a progressive loss of situational awareness while navigating in low visibility, leaving him unaware of the rising terrain.
- The pilot was unaware of the rapidly rising terrain in his flight path.
- The aircraft was operated significantly above its maximum allowable gross weight at both takeoff and impact.
- Existing visual flight regulations and prevailing industry practices did not provide sufficient safety margins for such operations.
- The severity of the injuries was increased by the detachment of passenger seats during the impact.
Safety action
- The Board recommended that the Department of Transport require pilots in air-taxi and commuter operations to undergo specialized training in making prudent decisions during deteriorating operational conditions.