History of the Flight
The aircraft, a 1976 Piper PA-28-181 (G-BVNS) with a Lycoming O-360-A4M engine, departed Runway 30 at Prestwick Airport at 1401 hrs on 23 April 2024. The flight was a currency check flight with a pilot-in-command (PIC) and a passenger, the Chief Flying Instructor (CFI). The PIC held a Light Aircraft Pilot's Licence, had 307 total hours (101 on type), and had flown no hours in the previous 90 days. The CFI did not hold a current CAA medical certificate and was aboard as a passenger.
The aircraft conducted general handling exercises south of the airport, including stall recovery and practice forced landings. Both pilots recalled using carburettor heat during these exercises. At approximately 1440 hrs, the aircraft contacted Prestwick ATC for rejoin. After a normal approach and a 90-second stop on the runway, it took off to join the right-hand circuit.
Accident Sequence
On the downwind leg, ATC instructed the aircraft to enter an orbit to allow spacing for an Airbus A320. After three orbits, the aircraft was cleared to right base. The PIC allowed the aircraft to descend to approximately 800 ft amsl during the orbit. As it rolled out onto the base leg, both occupants recalled that the engine ran down. The CFI believed the PIC had not noticed the issue and called "I have control," taking over. He established a glide and aimed for an open area to the left. During the forced landing, the aircraft struck a tree while in a left bank, causing it to roll and yaw left and pitch down. It then struck the ground vertically nose-down.
Post-Accident Response
ATC lost visual and radio contact with the aircraft after the orbit. After repeated RTF calls received no reply, the tower controller asked the A320 to search. An automated emergency call from the PIC's mobile phone was received by emergency services at 1504 hrs. The coastguard SAR helicopter and local services responded. Both occupants sustained serious injuries and were flown to Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Glasgow.
Aircraft Examination
The aircraft was examined at AAIB facilities. The propeller sustained minimal damage and no slash marks, indicating the engine was stopped or not producing power. There was no evidence of pre-existing flying control failure; flaps were retracted. The fuel tank selector was in the left position, the electric fuel pump switch was on, and the gascolator contained fuel free of debris or water. The engine had been overhauled in January 2023 with no prior issues.