Unexplained Rotor RPM Decay Leads to Helicopter Emergency Landing

No fatalities • 16 km south of Sydney Airport, New South Wales

A helicopter pilot was forced into an emergency autorotation after experiencing a sudden drop in rotor RPM that could not be replicated during subsequent inspections.

What happened

During flight, the pilot of the helicopter experienced a significant drop in rotor RPM, accompanied by the activation of the low rotor RPM warning horn. As the pilot attempted to manoeuvre the aircraft before initiating an autorotation, they observed that raising the collective caused the rotor RPM to decay. When the pilot subsequently raised the collective to cushion the landing, the aircraft responded as if in a power-off state. To avoid ditching the aircraft in the ocean, the pilot elected to delay lowering the collective, instead focusing on reaching a safe landing site.

The investigation

Investigators examined the aircraft following the incident to identify the source of the power loss. The pilot noted that while the engine RPM remained stable, the rotor tachometer indicated low RPM. During post-recovery inspections and ground run tests, investigators found no evidence of belt slippage. Furthermore, a detailed internal inspection of the clutch assembly revealed no signs of clutch slippage occurring under high-power settings. Despite these efforts, the technical team could not find a mechanical fault that would explain the observed reduction in power input to the rotor.

Findings

  • The low rotor RPM was likely caused by a reduction of power input to the rotor from the engine.
  • Post-recovery testing and ground runs failed to reproduce the fault.
  • There was no evidence of slippage within the clutch assembly during the inspection.
  • The pilot's decision to delay lowering the collective was driven by the need to avoid an immediate ditching in the ocean.

Probable cause

The reduction in rotor RPM was likely caused by a decrease in power delivered from the engine to the rotor, although the specific mechanical cause could not be identified during subsequent testing.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2016-12-17 Robinson Helicopter Co R44 II accident near 16 km south of Sydney Airport, New South Wales?

A helicopter pilot was forced into an emergency autorotation after experiencing a sudden drop in rotor RPM that could not be replicated during subsequent inspections.

Were there any fatalities in the 2016-12-17 Robinson Helicopter Co R44 II accident?

No fatalities were recorded in this accident.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2016-12-17 involved a Robinson Helicopter Co R44 II, registration VH-SJK, at 16 km south of Sydney Airport, New South Wales.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The reduction in rotor RPM was likely caused by a decrease in power delivered from the engine to the rotor, although the specific mechanical cause could not be identified during subsequent testing.

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