Mid-air separation incident between two firefighting aircraft

No fatalities • 58 km west of Mount Hotham Airport, Victoria

A near-miss occurred between a helicopter and a fixed-wing aircraft during firefighting operations due to communication gaps and misunderstood operational tactics.

What happened

During firefighting operations, the pilot of Helitak 3/68 entered a fireground area via a northern route, deviating from the expected flight path. This movement brought the helicopter into close proximity with Bomber 359 while the latter was performing a retardant drop. The two aircraft passed within approximately 500 m horizontally and 400 ft vertically of one another. While the helicopter pilot eventually spotted the aeroplane and manoeuvred to increase separation, the incident occurred without the air attack supervisor's knowledge of the specific flight path being used.

The investigation

The investigation examined the coordination between the air attack supervisor (AAS) and the flight crews. It was found that the pilot of Helitak 3/68 was unfamiliar with the specific fireground tactics and was unaware that aircraft were expected to hold and enter from the north. Although the AAS expected the helicopter to track east of the fireground, no specific instructions were issued to the pilot to follow that path.

Furthermore, a misunderstanding regarding clearances contributed to the event; the helicopter pilot believed they had been cleared to enter the area and assumed the AAS had ensured no conflicts with other aircraft would occur. Although both pilots were monitoring the fire common traffic advisory frequency (Fire-CTAF) and the fixed-wing pilot had broadcast their drop, neither crew was aware of the other's presence. The investigation noted that heavy radio traffic and potential terrain shielding may have hindered effective communication.

Findings

  • The air attack supervisor failed to provide specific tracking instructions to the Helitak 3/68 pilot.
  • The pilot of Helitak 3/68 operated under the mistaken belief that they had separation assurance and clearance for rappelling tasks.
  • Communication failures prevented both crews from identifying the conflicting tracks, likely due to high frequency congestion and terrain interference.
  • The pilot of Helitak 3/68 did not report the separation incident to the AAS, which prevented the implementation of required post-incident safety protocols and left the supervisor unaware of the actual flight path being used.

Probable cause

The incident was caused by a lack of specific tracking instructions from the air attack supervisor combined with the helicopter pilot's misunderstanding of operational tactics and clearance status, exacerbated by ineffective radio communications.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2026-01-18 PZL Mielec M18B accident near 58 km west of Mount Hotham Airport, Victoria?

A near-miss occurred between a helicopter and a fixed-wing aircraft during firefighting operations due to communication gaps and misunderstood operational tactics.

Were there any fatalities in the 2026-01-18 PZL Mielec M18B accident?

No fatalities were recorded in this accident.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2026-01-18 involved a PZL Mielec M18B, registration VH-VWF, operated by Alpine Airwork, at 58 km west of Mount Hotham Airport, Victoria.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The incident was caused by a lack of specific tracking instructions from the air attack supervisor combined with the helicopter pilot's misunderstanding of operational tactics and clearance status, exacerbated by ineffective radio communications.

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