Engine failure and fire during takeoff of British Airtours Flight 328

55 fatalities • Manchester-Ringway, United Kingdom • Takeoff (climb)

A Boeing 737-200 experienced an uncontained engine failure and subsequent intense fire while performing a takeoff roll at Manchester Airport.

What happened

During the early morning departure of a charter flight from Manchester to Corfu, the crew of a Boeing 737 began its takeoff roll on runway 24. Approximately twelve seconds after reaching eighty knots, the flight crew heard a loud thud. In response, the captain ordered an immediate abort, reducing thrust and applying braking. The aircraft reached a maximum speed of 126 knots before decelerating.

As the aircraft slowed to 85 knots, the captain notified air traffic control that the takeoff was being abandoned due to a fire in the number one engine. An intense fire had developed on the left side of the aircraft, causing structural damage such as melting windows and smoke entering the rear cabin. During the deceleration, the crew initiated an evacuation via the starboard side.

After the aircraft came to a complete stop, the crew attempted standard emergency procedures, including shutting down the number two engine. However, the captain observed fire and fuel spreading toward the front of the aircraft. While passengers successfully utilized the overwing exits and several doors, the evacuation of the right forward door was delayed because the escape slide container jammed against the doorframe. Despite these obstacles, 78 survivors managed to exit the aircraft through various doors and overwing exits.

Findings

Investigations determined that the incident was triggered by an uncontained failure of the left engine, specifically originating from a failure in the number 9 combustor can. A piece of the combustor can was ejected with enough force to strike and break an underwing fuel tank access panel, leading to the fire. The intensity of the fire was worsened by the aircraft's orientation relative to the wind.

Several contributing factors were identified, including the susceptibility of wing tank panels to impact and the lack of effective systems for managing large-scale cabin fires. Furthermore, the toxic smoke produced by burning interior materials played a critical role in the event, as the dense, irritating atmosphere led to rapid passenger incapacitation.

Probable cause

An uncontained failure of the number 9 combustor can caused debris to puncture a fuel tank access panel, resulting in a catastrophic engine fire.

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Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1985-08-22 Boeing 737-200 accident near Manchester-Ringway, United Kingdom?

A Boeing 737-200 experienced an uncontained engine failure and subsequent intense fire while performing a takeoff roll at Manchester Airport.

Were there any fatalities in the 1985-08-22 Boeing 737-200 accident?

The accident was fatal, resulting in 55 fatalities.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1985-08-22 involved a Boeing 737-200, registration G-BGJL, operated by British Airtours, at Manchester-Ringway, United Kingdom.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

An uncontained failure of the number 9 combustor can caused debris to puncture a fuel tank access panel, resulting in a catastrophic engine fire.

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