148 fatalities

Sharm el Sheikh Night Takeoff Accident: Aircraft Disintegrated After Uncontrolled Bank (SU-ZCF)

Sharm el-Sheikh, EgyptTakeoff (climb)

On January 3, 2004, a Boeing 737-300 (registration SU-ZCF) operated by Flash Airlines was involved in an aviation accident near Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt during takeoff. 148 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: No conclusive evidence could be found to determine the probable cause. The investigation concluded that any combination of the identified findings could have caused or contributed to the accident. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A); 2 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 2026-06-11Data APIEditorial standards
Aircraft registered SU-ZCF
Aircraft registered SU-ZCF. Photo: Aero Icarus from Zürich, Switzerland / CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

An aircraft crashed into the sea after a night takeoff from Sharm el Sheikh-Ophira Airport, killing all 148 occupants. The investigation found no conclusive probable cause but identified possible technical faults and crew disorientation.

Incident Overview and Sequence of Events On the night of the accident, the aircraft took off from runway 22R at Sharm el Sheikh-Ophira Airport. After climbing, the aircraft maneuvered for a procedural left turn to intercept the 306 radial from the Sharm el Sheikh VOR station. When the autopilot was engaged, the captain made an exclamation, and the autopilot was immediately switched off. The captain then requested Heading Select to be engaged, after which the aircraft began to bank to the right. The copilot warned the captain multiple times as the bank angle increased. At a 40° right bank, the captain stated, “OK come out.” The ailerons briefly returned to neutral before additional aileron movements increased the right bank. The aircraft reached a maximum altitude of 5,460 feet with a 50° bank, after which the copilot called “overbank” repeatedly as the bank continued to increase. The maximum recorded bank angle was 111° right, with a pitch attitude of 43° nose down and an altitude of 3,470 feet. A trainee copilot observer on the flight deck called “retard power, retard power, retard power.” Both throttles were moved to idle, and the aircraft appeared to recover gently from the nose-down, right-bank attitude. However, speed increased, triggering an overspeed warning. At 04:45, the aircraft struck the water surface in a 24° right bank and 24° nose-down attitude at a speed of 416 knots and a 3.9 G load. The aircraft disintegrated on impact, and debris sank to a depth of 900 metres. All 148 occupants were killed, including 133 French citizens, one Moroccan, one Japanese, and 13 Egyptian crew members, six of whom were scheduled to disembark at Cairo. Weather conditions were good, with excellent visibility, an outside temperature of 17°C, and light wind. On January 17, the FDR was found at a depth of 1,020 metres, and the CVR was found the following day at a depth of 1,050 metres.

Probable cause

No conclusive evidence could be found to determine the probable cause. The investigation concluded that any combination of the identified findings could have caused or contributed to the accident. Possible causes included a trim/feel unit fault (aileron trim runaway), a temporary spoiler wing cable jam, a temporary first officer wheel jam, and an autopilot actuator hardover fault. Contributing factors included a distraction developing into spatial disorientation, technical log copies kept on board with no copy left at the departure station, inaccurate operator write-ups of defects, and conflicting signals regarding the captain’s spatial disorientation or the crew’s perception of the upset condition. The crew’s recovery attempt was consistent with expected reaction, but the severity of the attitude, altitude, and speed made a successful recovery insufficient. Additional findings noted that the ECAA authorization for the RAM B737 simulator was issued after the accident crew’s training date, and several recorded FDR parameters were unreliable.