3 fatalities

Heavy Frost and Cold Weather Lead to Fatal Crash (N988JM)

South Lake Tahoe, United States of AmericaTakeoff (climb)

On January 27, 1986, a Cessna 401 (registration N988JM) operated by Charles R. Maddox was involved in an aviation accident near South Lake Tahoe, United States of America during takeoff. 3 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (partial) - nonmechanical Phase of operation: takeoff - initial climb Findings 1. (c) aircraft preflight - not performed - pilot in command 2. (f) weather condition - temperature extremes 3. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A).

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 2026-06-11Data APIEditorial standards

An aircraft with heavy frost on surfaces crashed during an emergency turn after a left engine power loss in cold weather. The pilot failed to preflight or feather the propeller, resulting in a stall and inverted crash.

Accident Summary

The aircraft departed in clear weather with below-freezing temperatures and heavy frost on its surfaces. The pilot did not perform a preflight inspection, engine run-up, or warm-up before takeoff. During the initial climb, the left engine experienced a partial loss of power for an undetermined reason, likely associated with cold engine operation.

Sequence of Events

After the power loss, the pilot initiated a turn toward the dead engine in an apparent course reversal. The pilot did not feather the propeller and lowered the landing gear during the turn. The aircraft stalled, rolled inverted, and subsequently crashed into a residential area. All three occupants were killed.

Investigation Findings

An engine teardown revealed no mechanical defects. Post-mortem and toxicological tests showed no physiological impairment. The investigation identified several contributing factors: the pilot's failure to perform a preflight inspection and remove ice/frost, improper landing gear extension, failure to feather the propeller, and failure to maintain aircraft control. The cold weather conditions and deteriorated engine-out capability were also noted.

Probable cause

Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (partial) - nonmechanical Phase of operation: takeoff - initial climb Findings 1. (c) aircraft preflight - not performed - pilot in command 2. (f) weather condition - temperature extremes 3. (c) miscellaneous - undetermined ---------- Occurrence #2: loss of control - in flight Phase of operation: maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency) Findings 4. (f) aircraft performance,engine out capability - deteriorated 5. (f) ice/frost removal from aircraft - not performed - pilot in command 6. (f) gear extension - improper - pilot in command 7. (f) propeller feathering - not performed - pilot in command 8. (c) aircraft handling - not maintained - pilot in command ---------- Occurrence #3: in flight collision with terrain/water Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled