What happened
On January 28, 2015, a Piper PA-25-260, registration HK667, was performing aerial spraying operations near El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. After departing from Pista Nueva York (IATA: NYY) for its second flight of the day, the aircraft experienced a significant loss of power during the initial climb phase.
The pilot attempted to manage the emergency by discharging part of the pesticide payload to reduce weight and tried to return to the runway. However, the engine eventually failed completely. The pilot executed a controlled emergency landing in an unprepared rice field approximately two nautical miles from the runway. The aircraft slid 19 meters through muddy furrows before coming to a stop. The pilot, who was the sole occupant, was able to exit the aircraft uninjured.
The impact caused substantial damage to the aircraft, including the separation of the left main landing gear, damage to the fuselage and engine cowling, propeller deformation, and the destruction of the spraying system.
The investigation
The GRIAA investigation focused on the mechanical failure and the maintenance practices of the operator, FATOL LTDA. Investigators noted that the company failed to provide requested documentation and did not submit the engine to an authorized workshop for technical inspection as requested.
During the field inspection, investigators discovered significant discrepancies in the aircraft's maintenance records. While some logs indicated the installation of a Lycoming O-540-G1A5 engine, the engine physically present on the aircraft during the accident was a Lycoming O-540-B2B5. Furthermore, the investigation found that the company had allowed personnel with limited licenses to perform specialized maintenance functions.
Findings
- The most probable cause of the engine failure was a malfunction within the powerplant, specifically a potential failure of the fuel pump, a clogged fuel filter, or a carburetor malfunction.
- A major contributing factor was the improper installation of an engine model that was not applicable to the aircraft's type certificate.
- Maintenance oversight was identified due to the inadequate assignment of personnel, where individuals with TLA licenses were performing duties reserved for AIT-certified technicians.
Safety action
The investigation resulted in several safety recommendations for the operator, including the implementation of a Safety Management System (SMS) and the requirement to ensure the traceability of all components. Recommendations were also issued to the Civil Aviation Authority (UAEAC) to increase oversight of agricultural aviation maintenance procedures.