Summary
On August 2, 2022, a Piper PA-28-161, registration HK-5382G, operated by a flight training center, experienced a total engine failure during a solo training flight. The aircraft was on a planned route from Barranquilla (Ernesto Cortissoz Airport) to Corozal and back. While in cruise near Quinta del Río, the student pilot reported engine problems and requested a return. At 08:41 local time, about 5 nautical miles from the airport, the engine suffered a catastrophic failure characterized by an explosion and significant oil leakage. The pilot declared an emergency, executed a gliding approach, and landed safely on runway 05. The pilot evacuated the aircraft unaided and was uninjured. Emergency services responded; no further damage occurred beyond the engine.
Flight Sequence
The flight began at 07:45 local time with a normal engine start and takeoff from runway 05. During cruise, the pilot informed air traffic control of engine issues and requested to return. At 08:41, when the aircraft was approximately 5 nautical miles from the aerodrome, an explosion occurred in the engine, followed by total loss of power. The pilot performed an emergency landing on runway 05, which was executed precisely and without further incident. The aircraft stopped on the runway, and the pilot secured the aircraft and evacuated on their own.
Aircraft and Engine
The aircraft was a Piper PA-28-161, serial number 28-8216112, manufactured in 1982, with registration HK-5382G. It was equipped with a single engine. The inspection after the event revealed that damage was confined solely to the engine; the airframe and wings were unaffected.
Investigation Findings
The investigation, conducted by the Colombian Directorate of Technical Accident Investigation (DIACC), determined that the total engine failure was caused by a complete fracture of a connecting rod. This fracture originated from the failure of the connecting rod bolt, which led to a catastrophic imbalance in the engine's rotating assembly. The subsequent damage included perforation of the crankcase, loss of oil, and severe overheating of the crankshaft, particularly at the No. 4 cylinder connecting rod seat. The rapid loss of lubrication and internal damage prevented any recovery of engine power.
Probable Cause and Contributing Factors
Probable Cause: Total failure of the powerplant due to complete fracture of a connecting rod.
Contributing Factors:
- Fracture of the connecting rod bolt, causing the initial rotational imbalance.
- Loss of lubrication due to holes in the crankcase, exposing the crankshaft to excessive friction and heat.
- Crankshaft overheating, especially at the No. 4 cylinder connecting rod seat, exacerbating the catastrophic failure.
- Internal engine damage from impact and perforation of key components, limiting recovery possibilities.