Cessna TU206G Runway Excursion at Campo Alegre Aerodrome (HK2790)

Incident Overview and Flight Details On October 2, 2024, at 14:57 local time (16:40 UTC), a Cessna TU206G with registration HK2790G experienced a runway excursion at Campo Alegre Aerodrome (SKMH) in Pana Pana, Guainía, Colombia. The aircraft was operating a private flight from Vanguardia Airport in Villavicencio (SKVV) to Campo Alegre to transport provisions. The flight was planned to continue to Puerto Inírida, where the pilot intended to transport a sick minor, with a technical stop for refueling. The approximately three-hour flight proceeded without incident until the approach to Campo Alegre. ## Weather and Operational Conditions Upon arrival at the Campo Alegre area, the pilot observed heavy rain over the runway and performed two overflights to alert people on the ground. During the third approach, the pilot noted the runway was completely wet. The pilot executed a soft landing, but braking proved ineffective. The aircraft continued its deceleration roll, experienced hydroplaning, and could not be stopped on the runway. It came to rest approximately 20 meters from the threshold of runway 01. The pilot shut down the engine, secured the aircraft, and evacuated without injury. ## Aircraft Damage and Occupant Status The aircraft sustained minor damage, including a sudden engine stop, propeller damage, nose gear detachment, damage to the right wing, a damaged left wingtip, main gear rupture, a broken front windshield, cracked window plexiglass, cabin deformation, fuselage torsion, and impact deformation to the firewall. No other damage occurred. The sole occupant, a 56-year-old commercial pilot, was uninjured. The pilot held a commercial pilot license with single-engine land and instrument ratings, and had 4,092 total flight hours and 230:30 hours on type. ## Aerodrome Characteristics Campo Alegre Aerodrome is an unmarked dirt and grass runway administered by the Guainía Department. It lacks a windsock, has a practically non-existent safety zone, and features irregular terrain with vegetation and structures. The runway surface is partly sand and gravel, irregular, and prone to moisture accumulation and puddle formation. The aerodrome has no on-site administration, air traffic service, or meteorological information. A pedestrian crossing intersects the runway, and trees beyond the 19 threshold pose an obstacle for takeoffs. These deficiencies make operations generally unsafe, particularly when the runway is wet. ## Analysis of Hydroplaning The investigation determined that the pilot's operational procedures involved a high-risk landing on a flooded runway. Hydroplaning, or aquaplaning, is the loss of wheel traction on a water-covered surface, reducing braking and maneuvering capability. The report describes dynamic hydroplaning, which occurs when a water film of at least 0.01 inch (2.54 to 3 mm) exists, and the water pressure equals the aircraft's weight, lifting the tires off the surface. It also describes rubber-reversion hydroplaning, which occurs during heavy braking that causes prolonged skidding, generating heat that reverts the rubber and creates a seal that delays water evacuation. The pilot reported that wind direction and intensity changed during the flare, with possible vertical gusts contributing to an abnormal runway contact.