What happened
On 31 December 2006, a DHC-8-311, registration G-WOWA, was performing a scheduled passenger flight from Dublin to Newquay (Cornwall) Airport. The aircraft was carrying 51 passengers and a crew of three. During the approach to Runway 1lar, the aircraft encountered significant turbulence and gusty south-westerly winds.
As the aircraft descended below 100 feet, the crew experienced a substantial downdraught that resulted in a loss of airspeed. Although the pilot attempted to correct the situation, the aircraft underwent two major pitch excursions. The first occurred at a radio altitude of approximately 24 feet, and a second occurred just 11 feet above the runway. During the second excursion, the aircraft's tail made contact with the runway surface, causing minor damage to the underside of the rear fuselage and breaking a sensor fairing. There were no injuries and no fatalities during the incident.
The investigation
The AAIB examined the aircraft's Quick Access Recorder data and the pilot's report. The investigation established that while the initial approach was stable, the flight data showed increasing pitch oscillations and elevator inputs in the final seconds of the descent. The investigation also reviewed meteorological data, which confirmed strong, gusty winds and a significant south-south-westerly airflow affecting the area.
Findings
- The aircraft experienced a significant downdraught below 100 feet, leading to a loss of airspeed.
- Severe pitch excursions occurred during the final stages of the landing phase.
- The tailstrike was triggered by the second pitch excursion occurring at a very low altitude.
- The pilot's attempt to maintain speed through engine thrust was insufficient to counter the aerodynamic disturbances caused by the wind.