History of the Flight
On 2 June 2015, a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, registration PK-GFA, operated by PT. Garuda Indonesia as flight GA 618 from Jakarta to Makassar. The flight carried two pilots, six flight attendants, and 145 passengers (144 adults and one infant). The Pilot in Command (PIC) acted as Pilot Flying (PF), while the Second in Command (SIC) acted as Pilot Monitoring (PM).
Before descent, the pilots received Aerodrome Terminal Information Service (ATIS) indicating runway 03 in use with wind 240°/7 kts, visibility above 10 km, and temperature 33 °C. The PM calculated the required landing distance for flaps 30 configuration as 2,100 meters.
Weather and Runway Condition
At approximately 06.20 UTC, air traffic controllers noticed black and thick cloud formation east of the airport, leading to a change in runway in use from 03 to 13. During the approach, the crew observed cloudy conditions east of the airport, rain at the end of runway 13, and approximately one-quarter of the runway wet on the touchdown end. The controller issued landing clearance with wind 280°/7 kts gusting to 15 kts and cautioned for a wet runway.
Landing and Overrun
At about 100 ft Above Ground Level (AGL), the PM informed the PF that the Navigation Display showed a tailwind of up to 10 kts and a crosswind of 10 kts from the right. During the landing flare, the thrust levers were closed, but the aircraft floated. Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) data recorded an interval of 16 seconds between the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) callout of 'ten' and touchdown. Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data showed that from 20 ft to touchdown took 13 seconds. The aircraft touched down after passing taxiway Charlie, having traveled an estimated 1,075 meters during the float. The pilots did not initiate a go-around because they were concerned about the mountainous terrain beyond the departure end of runway 13.
After touchdown, heavy rain was encountered. The crew did not feel normal deceleration, and the PF applied manual braking. The aircraft eventually stopped left of the stopway, with the nose landing gear and left main landing gear stuck in mud, while the right main landing gear remained on the stopway pavement. No one was injured.
Contributing Factors
The investigation identified that the flight crew did not consider a go-around because they were aware that the takeoff area of runway 13 was mountainous and might jeopardize the flight.