What happened
On November 13, 2017, a North American T-2SSB (Trojan), registration N8574, was involved in an aircraft excursion at La Aurora International Airport in Guatemala. While taxiing on the main runway, the aircraft was subjected to a sustained north wind of approximately 40 knots. This intense wind increased the aircraft's ground speed to over 55 knots, causing the aircraft to lift off the runway surface without the pilot's intent or authorization.
As the aircraft moved along the runway, the pilot attempted to decelerate. However, the aircraft reached a height of approximately 20 to 30 feet before the pilot could effectively use the brakes. Due to the high speed and forward momentum, the aircraft could not be stopped within the runway limits and exited the runway at the south end of runway 02. The impact with the terrain caused significant damage to the airframe, engine, and propeller, which subsequently ignited a fire fueled by the aircraft's electrical systems and onboard fuel.
The investigation
The DGAC/UIA investigation focused on the sequence of events leading to the loss of control and the subsequent runway excursion. Investigators examined the meteorological conditions, the aircraft's maintenance records, and the pilot's communications with Ground Control. The investigation confirmed that the aircraft was maintained in accordance with FAA regulations and that no mechanical failures or pre-existing defects contributed to the event.
Investigators also reviewed the pilot's radio communications. While the pilot had maintained appropriate contact with Ground Control regarding a request to return to the hangar area, the pilot failed to report the unplanned liftoff or the subsequent uncontrolled movement to the controller. The medical examination of the crew confirmed that the pilot sustained burns and trauma to the lower extremities, though both occupants survived the impact.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the pilot's decision to allow the aircraft to become airborne without authorization from the Tower and without maintaining sufficient control over the aircraft's speed relative to the runway length.
- High sustained north winds of 40 knots created a significant tailwind/crosswind component that pushed the aircraft to takeoff speeds while on the ground.
- The pilot failed to communicate the unplanned takeoff and the loss of directional control to the Air Traffic Controller.
- The aircraft's momentum and the late application of braking prevented the aircraft from stopping before the runway threshold.
- The post-impact fire was caused by the impact with the ground and the subsequent ignition of fuel and electrical components.