What happened
On 3 June 2023, a Cessna 172F, registration ZS-EDI, was conducting a private flight from Grand Central Airport in Gauteng to Bona-Bona Airstrip in the North West province. The flight was operating under Part 9 and was conducted under visual meteorological conditions.
As the pilot approached Runway 35 at a speed of approximately 70 to 75 mph with 20 degrees of flaps, the aircraft encountered a sudden, strong left crosswind during the flare. This wind caused the aircraft to drift to the right, resulting in a touchdown on the grass adjacent to the runway and a subsequent bounce. In an attempt to execute a go-around, the pilot applied full power; however, the aircraft yawed toward the left. While attempting to avoid the perimeter fence, the nose landing gear struck the fence and the ground. The impact resulted in substantial damage to the propeller, wings, elevator, rear fuselage, and the separation of the nose gear strut. The pilot sustained minor head injuries, while the passenger remained uninjured.
The investigation
SACAA AIID examined the flight conditions and aircraft maintenance records. The investigation confirmed that the pilot held a valid Private Pilot Licence and was medically fit for the flight. The aircraft's maintenance was up to date, with a recent periodic inspection completed in May 2023 and a valid Certificate of Airworthiness.
Investigators analyzed the landing parameters, noting that the approach speed was within the limits specified in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook. Weather data from the South African Weather Service indicated a north to north-westerly wind with gusts, consistent with the pilot's report of a sudden wind shift.
Findings
- The pilot was properly licensed and medically cleared for the operation.
- The aircraft was in a state of airworthiness with all mandatory inspections current.
- The landing speed was within the manufacturer's recommended parameters.
- A sudden crosswind during the flare likely induced a stall and a hard landing, leading to a loss of directional control during the subsequent bounce and go-around attempt.