What happened
On the morning of 15 February 2024, a student pilot was conducting a solo consolidation flight from Wonderboom Aerodrome (FAWB) in Gauteng Province. The flight, performed under visual meteorological conditions, followed a series of instructional circuits with a flight instructor. After completing the instructional portion, the student pilot departed alone for a solo circuit.
During the second circuit, the pilot noted that the engine appeared to be underperforming, necessitating constant power adjustments to maintain level flight. While attempting to manage the descent, the pilot applied carburetor heat, which may have influenced the aircraft's performance. Despite the perceived loss of power, the pilot proceeded with a previously cleared touch-and-go landing on Runway 29.
As the aircraft approached the runway, the airspeed dropped rapidly during the flare. In an attempt to prevent a stall, the pilot pushed the nose forward; however, the aircraft failed to maintain sufficient altitude. The propeller struck the runway surface, causing the pilot to momentarily lose consciousness and control. The aircraft subsequently veered left, resulting in the collapse of the nose landing gear and the destruction of a runway light. The ZS-JLF sustained substantial damage, though no injuries were reported.
The investigation
SACAA AIID examined the circumstances surrounding the flight, including the aircraft's maintenance history and the meteorological conditions. The investigation confirmed that the Piper PA-28-140 was airworthy and had undergone a maintenance inspection approximately 76 hours prior to the event.
Investigators also reviewed the air traffic control recordings, which verified that the pilot had communicated his position and received the appropriate clearance for the touch-and-go maneuver. The investigation also noted that the density altitude at the time was approximately 6,531 feet, which can significantly impact aircraft performance.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the aircraft touching down with a hard, nose-down attitude toward the left of the runway centerline.
- Insufficient use of rudder to maintain directional control contributed to the excursion.
- High density altitude may have further impaired the aircraft's performance during the approach.
- Contrary to the pilot's initial perception, there was no evidence of a mechanical engine malfunction, as the pilot was able to manipulate power to maintain flight.