What happened
On 19 March 2024, a Piper PA-44-180, registration ZS-TAI, was conducting a conversion check flight at George Aerodrome (FAGG) in the Western Cape. The flight, operated under Part 1/41 regulations, was manned by a flight instructor and a student pilot. The session involved performing circuits with simulated engine failures.
During the flight, the crew performed several successful circuits before a sequence of events led to an emergency. After an initial approach, the crew performed a go-around due to an aircraft departing ahead of them. Following instructions from Air Traffic Control (ATCO) to perform an early right turn, the crew established on a new right downwind leg. During this phase, the instructor initiated a simulated engine failure for the student pilot to practice engine-out procedures.
As the aircraft progressed to the base leg, the crew's attention was divided by several factors, including an ATCO notification regarding an inspection vehicle entering the runway. Upon final approach, the crew reduced power to idle for landing. However, the aircraft struck the runway with its propellers and skidded on its belly. There were no injuries to the two occupants, but the aircraft sustained substantial damage.
The investigation
SACAA AIID examined the flight sequence, the crew's checklists, and the environmental conditions. The investigation confirmed that the aircraft's maintenance and airworthiness documentation, including the Certificate of Airworthiness and periodic inspections, were up to date. Meteorological reports indicated favorable flying conditions with moderate winds and good visibility.
Investigators focused on the crew's actions during the transition from the go-around to the final approach. It was established that while the student pilot was managing the simulated engine failure procedures, the flight instructor was monitoring both the student and the runway activity involving the inspection vehicle.
Findings
- The crew performed a go-around due to runway traffic and subsequently executed an early right turn as directed by ATC.
- During the base leg, the instructor initiated a simulated engine failure, requiring the student pilot to manage the aircraft's direction and speed.
- The crew failed to extend the landing gear during the downwind and final approach checklists.
- Task overload prevented the crew from noticing the retracted gear status while managing the simulated failure and monitoring runway incursions.
Safety action
- Flight instructors and Approved Training Organisations (ATOs) are advised to maintain high levels of vigilance during critical flight phases, such as takeoff and landing, to prevent similar occurrences.