Accident Overview
On 13 November 2002, a Robinson R22 Beta helicopter, registration ZS-RCI, sustained substantial damage during a forced landing at Panorama Flight Park, South Africa. The private flight, which originated from Rand Airport (FAGM), was intended for recurrent training. The pilot, aged 22, held airplane and helicopter licenses with 267.7 total flying hours, including 40.10 hours on type. A passenger was on board; neither occupant was injured.
Flight Details
The pilot and passenger departed Rand Airport and flew to Panorama Flight Park. Weather conditions were fine with wind from 350° at 15–18 knots and temperature 27°C. After joining the circuit on a left downwind for Runway 01, they performed hover exercises in the square. They then air taxied onto the runway and flew a circuit, climbing to approximately 300 feet AGL. During a hover after the threshold, the pilot monitored engine and main rotor rpm (needles in the green band) and manifold pressure (20–21 inches).
Sequence of Events
A second circuit was attempted. While turning base at about 600 feet AGL, the low rotor rpm light illuminated and the audio warning activated. The pilot opened the throttle and observed the engine and main rotor rpm gauge indicating 65% to 70%, well below the green band. He lowered the collective pitch lever; the airspeed was approximately 60 knots. The pilot stated he waited for rotor rpm to recover, but the needles did not move. At about 30 feet above ground, he attempted to flare. The helicopter yawed left before touching down on uneven terrain and rolling over.
Probable Cause
The pilot induced a manoeuvre that resulted in a low rotor rpm condition. By applying the wrong recovery technique, he allowed the aircraft to descend at a substantial rate, leading to a heavy landing and subsequent rollover.