What happened
On October 29, 2001, an FFA AS 202/15-1 Bravo, registration HB-HFY, was performing a commercial VFR flight from Altenrhein to Samedan. After landing in Samedan, the pilot prepared for the return leg. To avoid an active shooting range in S-Chanf, the pilot elected to depart from runway 21.
Immediately following takeoff, witnesses observed the aircraft struggling to climb. Despite the engine appearing to function normally, the aircraft failed to gain sufficient altitude. While attempting to maneuver around the San Gian hill, the pilot initiated a left turn. During this maneuver, the aircraft lost airspeed, entered a stall, and plummeted nearly vertically into a golf course. The impact resulted in 3 fatalities (the pilot and two passengers) and the total destruction of the aircraft.
The investigation
Investigators examined the wreckage and flight records to determine the cause of the loss of control. The investigation confirmed that the pilot was a licensed commercial pilot with significant experience in mountain flying. Technical inspections of the engine, control surfaces, and fuel systems revealed no mechanical failures; the engine was producing power, and the fuel pump was functional.
However, the investigation focused on the aircraft's weight and balance. Data showed that the takeoff mass at Samedan was between 1,015 kg and 1,022 kg, which exceeded the maximum allowable takeoff weight of 999 kg. Furthermore, the investigation noted that the aircraft was carrying three occupants, even though it was only certified for three people with specific seating and weight constraints, and the rear passenger was using only a two-point belt.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the loss of control resulting from inadequate flight tactics during a mountain airfield departure.
- The aircraft was operating significantly above its maximum takeoff weight.
- Inadequate flight preparation contributed to the error in calculating the necessary performance capabilities for the high-altitude departure.
- Environmental factors, including reduced engine performance due to high density altitude and a crosswind component, exacerbated the aircraft's inability to climb.