ERRONEOUS PENETRATION OF AIRSPACE. PROX OF PROHIBITED AREA ON DEP PROC.

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JUST AFTER TKOF ON RWY 36 AT WASHINGTON NATL WITH A 400 FT OVCST; WE WERE IMC. OUR GROSS WT FOR TKOF WAS RELATIVELY LIGHT AND THE ACFT WAS CLBING RAPIDLY. A MAX PWR TKOF WAS DONE BECAUSE A LNDG ACFT RPTED A 10-15 KT AIRSPD LOSS ON FINAL APCH. THE CAPT WAS SET UP TO FLY THE 329 DEG RADIAL OUTBOUND OUT OF DCA VOR AND I WAS SET UP ON THE INBOUND RADIAL TO AML VOR. I WAS EITHER DISARMING THE AUTOSPOILERS AND AUTOBRAKES OR MAYBE I WAS SWITCHING TO DEP CTL. I'M NOT SURE IF WE WERE TALKING WITH TWR OR DEP. AFTER WHAT SEEMED LIKE A LITTLE LONGER THAN NORMAL; I ASKED THE CAPT IF HE WAS GOING TO START HIS TURN TOWARD THE NW. HE SAID THE VOR IS NOT COMING IN YET AND STARTED A TURN TO 320 DEG HDG. ASSUMING THAT THE VOR HAD FAILED; I IMMEDIATELY CALLED THE CTLR IF WE SHOULD INTERCEPT. HE ASKED OUR HDG. IT WAS 320 DEGS. HE TOLD US TO MAINTAIN HDG 320 DEGS. AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME; THE CAPT AND I HAD BOTH NOTICED THAT HE PUT IN 110.0 INSTEAD OF 111.0 IN HIS VOR RECEIVER. WITH JUST THE SHORT DELAY IN THE DEP TURN; I FEEL WE MAY HAVE ENCROACHED ON THE P56 PROHIBITED AREA. PROBLEMS: OBVIOUSLY THE FREQ MISTAKE WAS A BIG FACTOR. WE SHOULD HAVE REALIZED THAT WITH THE VOR AT THE FIELD; WE SHOULD HAVE CHKED FOR A DME AND ALSO CHKED THE MORSE CODE IDENT FOR DCA. PROCS: ON AERO CHARTS P10-9A IFR DEP PROC SAYS 'TURN AS SOON AS FEASIBLE.' ACR DEP PAGE SAYS DEPART NW; FOLLOW THE POTOMAC RIVER OR THE 328 DEG RADIAL. NO WHERE DO I SEE THAT AN IMMEDIATE TURN WHILE IMC IS MANDATORY. RECOMMENDATIONS: A SID INDICATING AN IMMEDIATE TURN TO A HDG AND THEN INTERCEPT THE RADIAL. OR A TURN WITHIN A SPECIFIC DME TO A HDG TO INTERCEPT A RADIAL. OR HAVE TWR ISSUE DEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR TURN IMMEDIATELY AFTER TKOF TO A HDG FOR THE INTERCEPT. ALTHOUGH WE DID PARTIALLY CAUSE OUR OWN PROBLEM; RADIAL HIGH AOB TURNS IN EXTREME BAD WX AT LOW ALT TO AVOID AN AIRSPACE WITHIN 1/5 MI SHOULD HAVE A MORE DEFINED PROC.