A PA28 PVT PLT USES THE WRONG ROTATION SPD FOR A NO FLAP TKOF. REALIZING POOR CLB PERFORMANCE PLT ATTEMPTS AN INITIAL ABORT; THEN CONTINUES TKOF SO AS TO AVOID RUNNING OFF THE END OF THE RWY. HE MANAGES TO FLY 3 FT UNDER THE PWR LINES NEAR THE END OF THE RWY DURING DEP.

1998-04 · NASA ASRS report 399856

Date: 1998-04 · Aircraft: PA-28 Cherokee/Archer/Dakota/Pillan/Warrior

Anomalies: conflict-ground-conflict|critical|deviation-speed-all-types|deviation-discrepancy-procedural-published-material-policy|inflight-event-encounter-loss-of-aircraft-control

Synopsis

A PA28 PVT PLT USES THE WRONG ROTATION SPD FOR A NO FLAP TKOF. REALIZING POOR CLB PERFORMANCE PLT ATTEMPTS AN INITIAL ABORT; THEN CONTINUES TKOF SO AS TO AVOID RUNNING OFF THE END OF THE RWY. HE MANAGES TO FLY 3 FT UNDER THE PWR LINES NEAR THE END OF THE RWY DURING DEP.

Narrative

BEFORE TAKING THE ACTIVE RWY 28 FOR TKOF AT SELMA; AN UNCTLED ARPT; I NOTED THAT THE CHKLIST PROVIDED IN THE AIRPLANE CALLED FOR A VR OF 55 KTS. I FAILED; HOWEVER; TO NOTICE THE ASTERISK THAT REFERRED TO A NOTE SAYING THAT 55 KTS REQUIRED 2 NOTCHES OF FLAPS (OR 25 DEGS). THIS PROC IS CONSISTENT WITH A SHORT FIELD TKOF. SELMA'S RWY IS 2490 X 50 FT; WHICH MAY CALL FOR A SHORT FIELD TKOF PROC. HOWEVER; PRIOR EXPERIENCE TAKING OFF FROM SELMA PROVED THAT A NORMAL TKOF AT MAX GROSS WT COULD BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHOUT THE USE OF FLAPS; BUT AT A VR OF 60- 65 KTS. I CALCULATED THE WT TO BE 2288 LBS AT TKOF (GROSS WT FOR THIS AIRPLANE IS 2400 LBS). THE CTR OF GRAVITY WAS CALCULATED TO BE 91.4 INCHES AFT OF DATUM (ALLOWABLE RANGE OF CTR OF GRAVITY FOR THE WT WAS 89.2 - 95.2 INCHES; BEING SLIGHTLY FORWARD IN THIS CASE). AFTER LINING UP WITH THE CTRLINE OF RWY 28 FOR TKOF; I APPLIED THE BRAKES. I THEN ADVANCED THE THROTTLE TO FULL PWR; VERIFYING FULL PWR BY WATCHING THE RPM GAUGE REACH 2500 RPM. I RELEASED THE BRAKES AND ROLLED APPROX 700 FT DOWN THE RWY BEFORE REACHING 55 KTS; AT WHICH POINT I ROTATED THE AIRPLANE TO 5-7 DEGS PITCH UP. THE STALL LIGHT CAME ON SO I REDUCED PITCH SLIGHTLY. BY THIS TIME; I HAD REACHED THE WINDSOCK (ABOUT 2/3 OF THE WAY DOWN THE RWY) AND HAD CLBED NO HIGHER THAN 5 FT. I ATTEMPTED TO ABORT BY LNDG; REDUCING ALL PWR; AND APPLYING MAX BRAKING. THE END OF THE RWY WAS QUICKLY APCHING AND I KNEW I COULD EITHER CONTINUE BRAKING AND POSSIBLY PUT THE PLANE OVER A 2-3 FT BANK AND INTO A CANAL OR A GRAPEVINE FIELD (THEREBY RISKING DAMAGE TO THE PLANE AND ALSO FATAL INJURIES); OR I COULD ADD FULL PWR AND ATTEMPT TO CLB AND AVOID THE OBSTACLES; CONSIDERING I STILL HAD SUFFICIENT AIRSPD TO DO SO. I CHOSE TO DO THE LATTER; BECAUSE IT SEEMED TO BE THE BEST POSSIBLE SOLUTION AT THE TIME. HOWEVER; THERE ARE PWR LINES AS LOW AS 12-15 FT HIGH AT THE DEP END OF RWY 28. I APPLIED FULL PWR; CLBED OVER THE BANK AND CANAL; MAINTAINED 1-2 FT CLRNC OVER THE GRAPEVINES; AND AVOIDED THE PWR LINES APPROX 3 FT ABOVE ME. AS I SAW THE PWR LINE PASS OVERHEAD; I NOTED THE AIRSPD AT 65 KTS (VX); SUFFICIENT ENOUGH TO ESTABLISH A CLB TO A SAFE OPERATING ALT. IN MY OPINION; THE MAIN CAUSE OF THIS INCIDENT WAS MY FAILURE TO USE THE CORRECT AIRSPD FOR ROTATION. CONTRIBUTING TO THIS EVENT WERE MY LACK OF RELIANCE ON PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES FOR THE CORRECT ROTATION AIRSPD; MISINTERPING THE AIRSPD SHOWN ON THE ACFT'S CHKLIST; AND ATTEMPTING TO ABORT THE TKOF SO CLOSE TO THE END OF THE RWY. MY COURSE OF ACTION MAY NOT HAVE BEEN THE BEST ONE; BUT IN MY CASE THE GAMBLE PAID OFF. IN RETROSPECT; IT WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER TO CONTINUE THE TKOF WITHOUT ATTEMPTING AN ABORT; BECAUSE EVENTUALLY THE ACFT WOULD HAVE ACCELERATED TO 65 KTS; BEST ANGLE OF CLB SPD. FROM THIS EXPERIENCE; I HAVE LEARNED TO REVIEW THE SPDS CRITICAL TO PROPER ROTATION AND CLBOUT AS NOTED IN THE ACFT'S POH; NOT THE CHKLIST; AND TO HAVE A PREDETERMINED POINT ON THE ARPT AT WHICH TO ATTEMPT A SAFE ABORT.

Source: NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (public domain). Reports are voluntary submissions and are not verified by NASA.

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